Immunopathology - Week 10 - Innate immune system

Question 1

What is involved in the first line of defence?

Answer 1

Physical and environmental barriers, such as skin, mucous membranes and nasal hair.

Question 2

What is involved in the second line of defence?

Answer 2

Cells/proteins in the the tissues.
- Phagocytes
- Natural killer cells
- Inflammation
- Antimicrobial proteins
- Fever

Question 3

What is involved in the third line of defence?

Answer 3

Humoral immunity: B cells

Cellular immunity: T cells

Question 4

An agent that causes or generates disease is called a?

Answer 4

A pathogen.

Question 5

A substance that has the ability to provoke an immune response is called?

Answer 5

An antigen.

Question 6

List the 4 components of the immune system.

Answer 6

1. Primary Lymphoid organs
2. Secondary Lymphoid organs
3. Cellular components
4. Molecular components

Question 7

The site of hematopoiesis and B-cell maturation in bone marrow and the site of T-cell maturation are apart of what component of the immune system?

Answer 7

Primary lymphoid organs.

Question 8

Lymph nodes that filet lymph and facilitate an immune response. The spleen filters blood and responds to systemic infections. Mucosal surfaces are protected by Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), are apart of which component of the immune system?

Answer 8

Secondary lymphoid organs.

Question 9

White blood cells, such as Neutrophils, Lymphocytes (B and T cells), NK cells, basophils, eosinophils and macrophages are apart of what component of the immune system?

Answer 9

Cellular components.

Question 10

Antibodies, complement proteins, cytokines, and chemokines are apart of what component of the immune system?

Answer 10

Molecular components.

Question 11

What are the two primary lymphoid organs?

Answer 11

1. Bone marrow
2. Thymus

Question 12

The site of B cell production, hemopoietic cell division and the supply of myeloid and lymphoid lineage occurs in….?

Answer 12

Bone marrow

Question 13

T cell production occurs in the…?

Answer 13

Thymus.

Question 14

List the secondary lymphoid organs.

Answer 14

Spleen, Lymph nodes, and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue.

Question 15

What line of defense is Innate immunity?

Answer 15

Second line of defense.

Question 16

What type of immunity is Present at birth and does not improve on repeated contact, and shows Non-specific protection against foreign materials
or cells?

Answer 16

Innate immunity.

Question 17

List the 5 signs of innate immunity.

Answer 17

1. Phagocytes
2. Natural Killer cells
3. Inflammation
4. Antimicirobial protein
5. Fever

Question 18

What type of innate immunity plays a key role in the detection, phagocytosis and elimination of foreign substances, dead/damaged cells and communicates with other defense cells via cytokines?

Answer 18

Phagocytes.

Question 19

What type of innate immunity is known as large granular lymphocytes responsible for recognizing and destroying abnormal cells when they appear in peripheral tissues, and immune surveillance cells?

Answer 19

Natural Killer (NK) Cells.

Question 20

List the 5 types of leukocytes apart of acute inflammation in innate immunity.

Answer 20

• Neutrophils
• Lymphocytes
• Eosinophils
• Basophils
• Monocytes.

Question 21

Which type of leukocyte is associated with bacterial infection?

Answer 21

Neutrophils

Question 22

Which type of leukocyte is associated with viral infection?

Answer 22

Lymphocytes.

Question 23

Which type of leukocyte is associated with parasite infection?

Answer 23

Eosinophils.

Question 24

The term for a group of around 30 glycoproteins present in plasma/serum and on cell membranes that normally remain in an inactive state is called?

Answer 24

The complement system.

Question 25

List the 4 basic functions of the complement system.

Answer 25

1. Lysis of target cells 2. Facilitate Ag clearance (opsonisation) 3. Generate an inflammatory response (anaphylatoxins). 4. Clearance of immune complexes

Question 26

List the three pathways that can activate the complement cascade.

Answer 26

1. Classical pathway 2. Alternate pathway 3. Lectin pathway

Question 27

Which pathway is initiated by the formation of soluble Ag-Ab complexes or binding of Ab to Ag on a suitable target, e.g. bacteria, virus and parasite and only activate and is only activated by IgM, IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3?

Answer 27

Classical complement pathway.

Question 28

Which pathway is initiated by cell surface constituents foreign to the host.

Answer 28

Alternative complement pathway.

Question 29

Which pathway Involves Mannose-binding lectin (MBL)?

Answer 29

Lectin complement pathway.

Question 30

What type of innate immunity involves pyrogens that act on the body's thermostat?

Answer 30

Fever.

Question 31

What type of innate immunity proteins enhance the innate defences by attacking microorganisms directly or by hindering their ability to reproduce?

Answer 31

Antimicrobial proteins.

Question 32

What are some examples of Antimicrobial proteins?

Answer 32

- Interferons - Complement proteins

Question 33

What are the 3 types of interferons?

Answer 33

1. Interferon alpha 2. Interferon beta 3. Interferon gamma

Question 34

What type of interferon is produced by cells infected with viruses. It attracts and stimulates NK cells and enhances resistance to viral infection?

Answer 34

Interferon alpha.

Question 35

What type of interferon is secreted by fibroblasts and slows inflammation in a damaged area?

Answer 35

Interferon beta.

Question 36

What type of interferon is secreted by T cells and NK cells and stimulates macrophage activity?

Answer 36

Interferon gamma.