immunopharm

Question 1

Immunostimulation:

Answer 1

gammaglobulinemia deficiency requires pooled immunoglobulins and abx to boost and reduce infection freq.
Cell mediated deficiency: cytokine tx, via activation of IFN-Y,Granulocyte- macrophage stimulating factor(myelosupp), interleukin-2(AIDS)

Question 2

Cell mediated deficiency:

Answer 2

cytokine tx, via activation of IFN-Y,Granulocyte- macrophage stimulating factor(myelosupp), interleukin-2(AIDS)

Question 3

Cell mediated deficiency:
Synthetic agents

Answer 3

Levamisol: worms infection tx, induces interferon.
Inosiplex: rare measles encephalitis tx, immunostimulant.
BCG vaccine: cancer immunotx, tb vaccine.

Question 4

Immunosuppressive Drugs:

Answer 4

transplants, type I diabetes, autoimmune dx, asthma, allergy, GVHD.
Adrenocorticoids, cyclosporine
tacrolimus:
sirolimus:

Question 5

cyclosporine

Answer 5

(helper t cell in transplant pts), less potent than tacro.

Question 6

tacrolimus:

Answer 6

blocks t cell tfs for interleukin synth.FK to FKBP to inhibit calcineurin,

Question 7

sirolimus:

Answer 7

inhibits mTOR and IL-2. synergistic with cyclosporine. Less tox than cyclo or tacro.AA: high cholesterol levels.

Question 8

Antimetabolites and cytotoxic drugs that are non selective:

Answer 8

mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide

Question 9

Immunosuppressive Ab:

Answer 9

selective

Question 10

Azathioprine:

Answer 10

to mercaptopurine, GI tract absorbed well. In kidney transplants with prednisone, good for kidney autoimmune tx. Sevre RA. AA: bone marrow suppression, skin rash, liver tox.

Question 11

Cyclophosphamide:

Answer 11

alkylating agent that si most potent. Very large dose for immunosuppression, AA myelosuppression can occur. Cystitis, SIADH.

Question 12

Anti-Lymphocyte Ab:

Answer 12

binds to t cells and is destroyed. Good for GVHS, tarnsplant rejection. Given IM and given with azo and pred. AA: local pain injection, anaphylaxis and serum sickness
RhoGam: for Rh neg moms to not cause rxn in bebe. Binds and destroys fetal Rh positive RBCs

Question 13

Allergic Rxns: Type I

Answer 13

Catecholamines: histamine antagonist
Corticosteroids: immunosuppressant
Theophylline: for COPD and asthma
Histamine release inhibitor: cromolyn sodium
antihistamines

Question 14

RXNS: Type II via

Answer 14

cytotoxic/anti tissue reactions. Hemolysis, Rh.
Corticosteroids
Azathioprine
MTX

Question 15

RXNS: Type III:

Answer 15

complex allergies liek serum hep, RA, serum sickness.
Corticosteroids
Azathioprine or cyclophosphamide if severe.

Question 16

TYPE IV:

Answer 16

Graft Rejection, contact dermatitis: combo pills, cyclosporine and prednisone, even corticosteroids.