Important anatomy stuff Flashcards
(118 cards)
1
Q
Where do you place the stethoscope to auscultate the middle of the lung
A
ribs 4-6
In mid clavicles and mid axillary lines
2
Q
Where do you place the stethoscope to auscultate the lung bases
A
(Posteriorly)
Scapular line at T11 vertebral level
3
Q
Where is the horizontal fissure of the right lung
A
rib 4 level
4
Q
Where are the oblique fissures of the right and left lungs (anteriorly and posteriorly)
A
anteriorly - rib 6
Posteriorly - T3
5
Q
At what level does the larynx become the trachea
A
C6
6
Q
Where do anterior intercostal arteries branch from
A
internal thoracic artery
7
Q
Where do posterior intercostal arteries branch from
A
thoracic aorta
8
Q
Where do anterior intercostal veins drain to
A
Internal thoracic veins
9
Q
Where do posterior intercostal veins drain to
A
the azygous vein
10
Q
Describe the components of intercostal neurovascular bundles, starting with the most superior structure
A
Vein
Artery
Nerve
11
Q
Where does the inferior vena cava pierce the diaphragm
A
8
12
Q
Where does the oesophagus piece the diaphragm
A
T10
13
Q
Where does the aorta pierce the diaphragm
A
T12
14
Q
What tissue is the diaphragm made of
A
skeletal muscle
15
Q
What does the phrenic nerve consist of
A
anterior rami of C3, C4, and C5
16
Q
What supplies the serratus anterior
A
long thoracic nerve
17
Q
What three blood vessels are found on each side of the sternum
A
Internal thoracic artery and a pair of veins
18
Q
How does a winged scapula arise
A
Paralysis of the long thoracic nerve
19
Q
What is the most inferior part of the pleural cavity
A
Costodiaphragmatic recesss
20
Q
How does fluid build-up in the costodiaphragmatic recess present on an X-ray (2)
A
blunting of angles
Fluid level
21
Q
What is the tongue of the superior lobe of the left lung called
A
the lingua
22
Q
Where is the cephalon vein located
A
delta-pectoral groove
23
Q
Where does the trachea bifurcate
A
At the level of the sternal angle
24
Q
Where do inguinal ligaments attach
A
Between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic tubercle
25
Describe a direct inguinal hernia
a bit of peritoneum is forced through the posterior wall of the inguinal canal and directly out of the superficial ring
26
Describe an indirect inguinal hernia
a bit of peritoneum is forced through the deep ring, into the inguinal canal, then out of the superficial ring
27
Difference between a direct and an indirect inguinal hernia
If hernia is direct, the limb will reappear as it does not need to pass through the deep ring to get out into the scrotum
28
Where is the deep ring found
the midpoint of the inguinal ligament
29
Which is medial: the vagus nerve or the phrenic nerve
the vagus nerve
30
Where does the tricuspid valve sit in relation to coronary arteries
deep to the coronary groove which contains the right coronary artery
31
What marks the boundary between the left and right ventricles
the anterior interventricular groove
Also contains the left anterior descending artery
32
What are the branches of the right coronary artery (2)
right marginal artery
Posterior interventricular artery
33
Where is the left coronary artery found
left atrioventricular groove
34
What are the branches of the left coronary artery (4)
circumflex
Left anterior descending
Left marginal
Lateral/diagonal branch
35
What is the fossa oval is
A depression in the right atrium
36
What are the three openings of the right atrium
superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Coronary sinus
37
What is the Crista terminal is
the boundary between smooth and rough part of the right atrium
38
How are the heart valves connected to the heart wall
by tendinous cords anchored to papillary muscles
39
What differentiates the superior mediastinum from the inferior mediastinum
The transverse thoracic plane between the sternal angle and the T4/5 intervertebral disc
40
How do the vagus nerves pass through the diaphragm
With the oesophagus (T10)
41
Where does the azygous vein drain to
Superior vena cava
42
Which arteries branch from the descending aorta
bilateral posterior intercostal arteries
43
What is the venous angle
the junction between the subclavian and internal jugular veins
44
Where is the left venous angle located (surface anatomy)
Left sternoclavicular joint
45
Where do the vagus nerves and phrenic nerves sit in relation to the lung root
vagus nerves - posterior to the lung root
Phrenic nerves - anterior to the lung root
46
Where is the recurrent laryngeal branch of the left vagus nerve
hooking under the ligament arteriosum
47
.
48
Where does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve hook
Under the subclavian artery
49
Which tongue muscles are innervated by CNXII
hypoglossus
Genioglossus
Styloglossus
50
Which nerve links to the palatoglossus muscle
CN X (the vagus nerve)
51
Which nerve innervates constrictor muscles of the pharynx
CN X (vagus nerve)
52
Which nerves innervation the inner longitudinal muscles of the pharynx (2)
CN IX, CN X
53
which is the only muscle innervated by CNIX
Stylopharyngeus
54
Describe the nerves involved in the gag reflex (2)
sensory limb - CN IX
Motor limb CN IX + CN X
55
Which nerves innervates the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue (2)
CNV3 (general sensory)
CN VII (special sensory)
56
Which nerve innervates the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue
CN IX
57
Which nerve innervates the muscles of jaw opening and closing
CN V3 (Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve)
58
What muscle is involved in jaw opening
lateral pterygoid
59
Which muscles are involved in jaw closing (3)
masseter
Temporalis
Medial pterygoid
60
Which bone are the pterygoid plates part of
the sphenoid bone
61
How does pain of appendicitis progress (2)
begins as a dull ache around umbilicus
Becomes a sharp, localised pain in RIF due to irrational of the parietal peritoneum
62
Which part of the GI tract does the vagus nerve innervate
Up to distal end of transverse colon
63
64
Which nerve innervates the remains part of the GI tract (descending colon to anal canal)
pelvic splanchnic nerves
65
What type of organ is the liver: intra peritoneal or retroperitoneal
intraperitoneal
66
Which organs does the coeliac trunks supply
Organs of the foregut
67
Which ribs protect the spleen
9-11
68
Describe the course of the splenic artery (2)
torturous
Superior border of pancreas
69
Which vessels supply the stomach (2)
right and left gastric arteries
Right and left gastro-omental arteries
70
Which vessel supplies the gall bladder
Cystic artery
71
Describe the ampulla of vaster/hepatopancreatic ampulla
Formed by the bile duct joining with the pancreatic duct
72
Which vessels supply the pancreas (2)
pancreatic branches of splenic artery
Superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries
73
Where are paracolic gutters found
Greater sac of the peritoneal cavity
74
Where does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into the common iliac
L4 level
75
What is the marginal artery of Drummond
The main arterial anastomosis in the large intestine
76
Describe the blood supply to the rectum and anal canal (2)
Hindgut - superior rectal artery
Somatic - middle and inferior rectal arteries
77
Where do the important portal-systemic anastomoses occur (3)
distal end of oesophagus
Skin around umbilicus
Rectum/anal canal
78
Where is the levator ani muscle found
the pelvic floor
79
What three muscles are associated with the levator ani
iliococcygeus
Pubococcygeus
Puborectalis
80
Where does the sigmoid colon become the rectum
at the rectosigmoid junction
Anterior to s3
81
Where does the rectum become the anal canal
anterior to the tip of the coccyx
82
Which nerve stimulates contraction of the internal anal sphincter
pudendal nerve
83
Describe path of the pudendal nerve (2)
exits pelvic via greater sciatic foramen
Enters perineum via lesser sciatic foramen
84
Where do the ischioanal fossae lie
either side of anal canal
85
Where does bile travel through from the liver
the common hepatic duct
86
Were does bile travel through from the gall bladder
Bile duct
87
What is the order of the great vessels from left to right
Superior vena cava
Aorta
Pulmonary artery
88
Which artery lies in the anterior interventricular groove
left anterior descending artery
89
Which artery does the posterior interventricular groove contain
posterior interventricular artery
90
Where is the left coronary artery found
In the left atrioventricular groove
91
What is the fossa ovalis the remnant of
Foramen ovale
92
What marks the boundary between the smooth and rough parts of the right atrium
Crista terminalis
93
Which structures anchor valve cusps to the heart wall
Chordate tendineae and papillary muscles
94
What does the transverse thoracic plane separate
superior and inferior mediastinum
95
Which nerve passes through the diaphragm with the oesophagus
vagus nerve
96
Which vein does the azygous vein drain to
Superior vena cava
97
Which nerve hooks under the ligamentum arteriosum
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
98
Under which structure does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve hook
Right subclavian artery
99
Where does lymph from the left inferior lobe drain
right lymphatic duct
100
Which tongue muscle is not innervated by CNXII
Palatoglossus (CNX)
101
which nerve innervates the pharyngeal constrictors
Vagus nerve (CNX)
102
Which nerve innervates the stylopharyngeus
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CNIX)
103
Which parasympathetic nerves supply the gut (2)
vagus nerve supplies to mid transverse colon
Pelvic splanchnic nerves supply the hindgut
104
At what vertebral level does the coeliac trunk arise
T12
105
Which ribs protect the spleen
9-11
106
Which artery supplies the gallbladder
cystic artery
107
At what level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate
L4
108
Which arteries supply the somatic part of the anal canal
middle and inferior rectal arteries
109
Above the pectinate line, what is the lymphatic drainage
internal mesenteric nodes
110
What are the three midline branches of the abdominal aorta
Coeliac trunk
Superior mesenteric artery
Inferior mesenteric artery
111
What do the lateral branches of the abdominal aorta supply (4)
Kidneys, adrenal glands, gonads, and body wall
112
What vessels does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into
common iliacs
113
What are the three branches of the coeliac trunk
splenic artery
Hepatic artery
Left gastric artery
114
Where are the right and left gastric arteries found
running along the lesser curvature
115
Which vessels run along the greater curvature of the stomach
Right and left gastro-omental arteries
116
What are the branches of the superior mesenteric artery (6)
inferior pancreaticduodenal
Middle colic
Right colic
Ileocolic
Appendicular
Jejunal and ileal
117
What are the branches of the inferior mesenteric artery (3)
left colic
Sigmoid colic
Superior rectal
118
Which artery is commonly associated with ulcers
Gastro-duodenal artery
