Impregnation , Embedding , Trimming , Section cutting , Staining & Mounting Flashcards
(141 cards)
1
Q
Give the 3 types of Impregnation
A
Paraffin wax , Celloidin Impregnation , Gelatin Impregnation
2
Q
In embedding paraffin embedded tissue are arrange at the bottom of the mold and immerse in melted paraffin on what specific temperature ?
A
5-10°C above its melting point
3
Q
a type of impregnation used when dehydration is to be avoided and when tissue are to be subjected to histochemical enzyme study
A
Gelatin Impregnation
4
Q
most common simplest and best embedding medium for routine tissue processing
A
Paraffin wax Impregnation
5
Q
what are the two methods of Celloiden Impregnation
A
Wet Celloiden and Dry celloiden method
6
Q
what are those 3 substitue For Paraffin wax
A
Paraplast , Ester wax , Water soluble wax
7
Q
Paraffin oven or incubator temp is
A
55-60°C
8
Q
A substitue for paraffin wax whos melting point is 46-48°C
A
Ester Wax
9
Q
What are those processes that performs paraffin wax Impregnation and Embedding of Tissue
A
Manual Processing , Automatic Processing and Vacuum Embedding
10
Q
what is the common melting point of waxes
A
45°C to 56°C
11
Q
a type of impregnation suitable for specimens with large hollow cavities
A
Celloidin Impregnation
12
Q
Most commonly used water soluble wax
A
Carbowax
13
Q
what is the volume of impregnating medium to the tissue
A
at least 25 times the volume of tissue
14
Q
An Elliot Bench Type Processor
A
Autotechnicon
15
Q
a process under negative atmospheric pressure use for urgent biopsies for dense and hard fibrous tissue
A
Vaccum Embedding
16
Q
Method of celloiden impregnation preferred for processing whole eye sections
A
Dry Celloiden Method
17
Q
purified paraffin and synthetic plastic polymers with a melting point of 56-57°C
A
Paraplast
18
Q
above melting point of paraffin wax impregnation
A
2 to 5°C above melting point
19
Q
Product of paraffin containing rubber
A
Tissue mat
20
Q
melting point of paraplast
A
56-57°C
21
Q
A Celloidin Impregnation Method for bones , teeth, large brain sections and whole organ
A
Wet Celloidin Method
22
Q
An Impregnation type use for large tissue sections of the whole embryo
A
Celloiden Impregnation
23
Q
Bioloid is a synthetic wax . true or false . give its use
A
false it is a semisynthetic wax
for embedding eyes
24
Q
a synthetic wax
A
Embeddol
25
Impregnation is also known as
Infiltration
26
Celloiden Impregnation is for what type of specimens ?
for large hollow cavities , large tissue section of the whole embryo and for bones and teeth
27
what are the 6 types of blocking out mold
```
Leuckhart's Embedding Molds
Compound Embedding Molds
Plastic Embedding Rings and Base Molds
Disposable Embedding Molds
Celloidin or Nitrocellulose Method
Double Embedding Method
```
28
A type of Blocking out mold consist of special stainless steel base mold fitted with plastic embedding ring
Plastic embedding Rings and Base molds
29
What are the 3 example of Disposable Embedding Molds
Peel Away
Plastic Ice Tray
Paper boats
30
A type of Blocking out mold that facilitates cutting large blocks of dense firm tissues like the brain
Double Embedding Method
31
A type of Blocking out mold with series of interlocking plates
Compound Embedding Molds
32
A type of Blocking out mold where tissues are embedded in shallow tins of enamel pans
Celloidin or Nitrocellulose Method
33
A type of Blocking out mold consist of two L-shaped strips of metal
Leuckhart's Embedding Molds
34
A type of Blocking out mold for embedding hard tissues and whole organs
Celloidin or Nitrocellulose Method
35
A type of Blocking out mold where tissue are first infiltrated with celloidin and embedded in a paraffin mass
Compound Embedding Method
36
A type of Microtome Knives use for cutting paraffin embedded on rotary microtome
Biconcave Knife
37
In microtome knives its an angle formed between the cutting edges
Bevel angle
38
A type of Microtome Knives use for cutting celloidin embedded tissue block on a sliding microtome
Plane Concave Knife
39
In Microtome Knives its an angle between the cutting facet and the tissue block
Clearance Angle
40
Angle of Bevel
27° to 32°
41
A type of Microtome Knives use for frozen sections or cutting extremely hard and tough specimens embedded in paraffin block using base sledge type or sliding microtome
Plane Wedge Knife
42
A type of Microtome Knives that has both sides concave
Binconcave knife
43
A type of Microtome Knives that has both sides straight
Plain wedge knife
44
What are the two Stages in Sharpening a Knife
1. Honing
| 2. Stropping
45
what are those three substance use in Honing
Belgium Yellow
Arkansas
Fine Carborundum
46
A stage in Sharpening Knife that removes burr or irregularities that have been formed during honing
Stropping
47
What should be the diameter of the wax that surround tissue block
at least 2mm
48
Other Name for Celloidin Method for Embedding
Nitrocellulose
49
A stage in Sharpening Knife that removes gross nicks and involve grinding and cutting edge of the knife on a stone
Honing
50
A substance use for Honing that gives more polishing effect
Arkansas
51
It is for final polishing of the knife edge
Stropping
52
Direction use in Stropping
TOE TO HEEL
53
How many strokes use in Honing
20-30 double strokes
54
Direction use in Honing
Heel to Toe
55
How many strokes use in Stropping
40-120 double strokes
56
What are the 3 types of Microtome Knives
Plane Concave Knife
Biconcave knife
Plane Wedge Knife
57
Clearance Angle
0-15°
58
what is the size of the average tissue block
2 to 4 mm thick
59
Step in Histopath where in tissues are cut into uniformly thin slices with a microtome
Section Cutting
60
Kind of Microtome that cuts celloidin embedded sections
Sliding Microtome
61
Kind of Microtome for gelatin and celloiden tissues
Rocking Microtome
62
Kind of Microtome for general purpose microtomes for cutting semi thin to thin sections for light microscopy
Rotary Microtome
63
Thickness cut by Rotary Microtome
4-6µ thickness
64
Kind of Microtome that is dangerous because of the risk of vibration
Sliding Microtome
65
Thickness cut by Rocking Microtome
10-12µ
66
Thickness cut by Sliding Microtome
7-9µ
67
size of sections cut from the block
2-8µ in thickness
68
Who Invented the Rocking microtome
Padwell Trefall(1789)
69
Who invented the Sliding Microtome
Adams (1789)
70
Who invented Rotary Microtome
Minot (1885-1886)
71
Kind of Microtome that has refrigerated chamber maintained at temperature near -20°C
Freezing Microtome
72
Paraffin blocks routinely cut at what thickness
5µ
73
Knive use in Sliding Microtome
Biconcave Knive
74
Knive use in Rotary Microtome
Plane Concave Knive
75
Kind of Microtome that cut section for Electrom Microscopy
Ultra Thin Microtome
76
Who invetned Freezing Microtome
Queckett (1848)
77
Ultra thin microtome cut tissue at what thickness
0.5µ
78
In ultra thin microtome tissue is fixed with what fixative agent
Osmium Tetroxide
79
In freezing microtome temperature are maintain at
-20°C
80
Enumerate the different kinds of Microtome
```
Rocking
Rotary
Sliding
Freezing
Ultrathin microtome
```
81
In Freezing Microtome tissue are cut at what thickness
5-10µ
82
In Section Cutting It is added to prevent growth of molds
Thymol
83
What are the 3 types of Tissue Sections
Parrafin , Celloidin , Frozen Sections
84
Most commonly used Adhesives
Mayer's Egg Albumin
85
Type of Tissue Section from tissues that have been fixed and frozen with CO2 or Frozen with Cryostat
Frozen Section
86
In Celloidin Sections tissue are usually cut at what thickness
10-15µ
87
In Paraffin Sections tissue are cut at what thickness
4-6µ
88
Floating-Out Bath Melting Point
6-10°C lower than the wax melting poin
89
Type of Tissue Section that may be cut by sliding microtome
Celloidin Sections
90
Type of Tissue Section that may be cut by rocking and rotary microtome
Paraffin Sections
91
Name the Types of Tissue Section that do not form ribbon
Celloidin Sections , Frozen Sections
92
Floatin Out Bath is maintained at what temperature
45-50°C
93
Enumerate 5 Common Adhesives
```
Mayer's Egg Albumin
Dried Albumin
Gelatin
Starch Paste
Plasma
```
94
Excess albumin should not be wiped off because it may interfere with staining process hence will take up the stain . True or False
False . It should be wipe off
95
Steps in Fixing Tissue Sections onto a slide
1. Proper use of adhesives
2. Proper Orientation
3. Deparaffinization
96
Steps in Fixing Tissue Sections wherein there is a removal of excess wax
Deparaffinization
97
Steps in Fixing Tissue Sections that promotes adhesions of sections which is spread thinly
Proper use of Adhesives
98
Steps in Fixing Tissue sections onto a slide wherein tissue is arranged in precise in position on the slide
Proper Orientation
99
what are the 3 ways in removing excess wax
* Heating of slide over alcohol lamp
* an oven at 60°C
* using xylene
100
What is the purpose of placing the coverslip over tissue?
to assume permanency of the specimen.
| To increase the refraction
101
What are the Objectives in Mounting
1. Protect the specimen from physical injury
2. Protect the section from bleaching or deterioration
3. Facilitate easy handling storage
4. Prevent the damage of sections which may lead to distortion of image during microscopic examination
102
What are the 2 Techniques in Mounting
A.Slide lowered onto coverslip and quickly inverted
| B. Coverslip lowered onto slide
103
It is a syrupy fluid applied between
| the section and coverslip setting section firmly
Mounting Medium
104
What are the 2 Groups of Mounting Media
Aqueous and Resinous Media
105
What are the components of Aqueous Media
* Gelatin/Glycerin Jelly/ Gum Arabic
* Glycerol
* Sugar
106
Group of Mounting Media recommended for majority of staining methods
Resinous Media
107
What are the 4 characteristics Mounting Medium
The refractive index should be near as possible to that of the glass(1.518) to avoid distortion of image
2. Should not Dry Quickly
3. Should not dissolve out or fade tissue sections
4. Should not cause shrinkage and distortions of tissues
5. Should set hard producing
108
what are the 2 types of Resinous Media
Synthetic and Natural
109
It is a component of Mounting medium to solidify the media
Gelatin/Glycerin Jelly / Gum Arabic
110
It is a type of Resinous Media used for embedding undecalcified bones
Synthetic
111
A component of Mounting Media use to increase the refractive index
Sugar
112
Groups of Mounting Media use to mount water miscible preparations
Aqeuous
113
Groups of Mounting Media for prepartion that have been dehydrated and cleared with xylene and toulene
Resinous Media
114
A component in Mounting Media that prevents cracking and drying
Glycerol
115
Enumerate the 4 Natural Synthetic Resinous Media
Canada Balsam , DPX , XAM and Clarite
116
Resinous Media is use on what types of microscope
Electron Microscope and Light Microscope
117
How many sections in embedding in light microscope
1-2 sections
118
A type of Natural Synthetic Resinous Media recommended for whole mounts and thick sections
Canada Balsam
119
A type of Natural Synthetic Resinous Media that is recommended for small tissues drying
DPX
120
A type of Natural Synthetic Resinous Media that is a mixture in xylene
XAM
121
Clarite Refractive index is ?
1.544
122
Dpx refractive index is ?
1.532
123
XAM refractive index is ?
1.52
124
Canada Balsam Refractive index is ?
1.524
125
What are the 3 advantages of Canada Balsam
* Does not shrink much
* Sets Hard without granulation
* Miscible with xylene
126
What are the 2 advantages of XAM
* Dries Quickly without retraction
| * Preserves stain well
127
What are the advantages of DPX
*Recommended fir small tissues drying
128
What are the disadvantages of Canada Balsam
Expensive
129
What are the disadvantages of DPX
* Shrinkage produce
| * Not for whole mount
130
Cover slip size for Large
22/24x56/60 mm
131
Cover slip size for Medium
22/24x40mm
132
Cover slip size for Small
22x22mm
133
What are the 5 types of Aqueous media
Water ,Glycerin , Gum Arabic , Apathy and Bruins
134
R.I. of Gum Arabic
1.43
135
R.I. of Apathy medium
1.53
136
R.I. of Glycerin Jelly
1.44
137
A type of Aqueous media use for methylene blue nerve preservation
Apathy Medium
138
A type of Aqueous media use for frozen section
Bruin's fluid
139
A type of Aqueous media use as preservative
Glycerin Jelly
140
A type of Aqueous media use when dehydration and clearing cannot be made
Glycerin Jelly
141
Gum Arabic is also known as
Farrant's media
