In Class Unit 4.2

Question 1

Paradox of life

Answer 1

collective versus individual interests

Question 2

Collective goods will be exploited unless..

Answer 2

maze is constraining, with out constraint people will always act in their own interest

Question 3

Operations

Answer 3

set of rules of the game, authorized used of legitimate force

Question 4

2 routes to avoiding tragedy

Answer 4

• socialization (people stealing firewood from park dont think its wrong to do so)
• social c ontrol (government function)

Question 5

Government concerns

Answer 5

connective intérêts, good, integration

Question 6

Key functions of government

Answer 6

• keep members secure from harm from others
• keep members secure from harm outside
• production of collective goods (dams, etc)

Question 7

Culture is important for..

Answer 7

successful integration in the society that we find ourselves, i.e it helps us

Question 8

Culture is not about ….. but it is about …

Answer 8

what people do; the ideas that are behind what people do

Question 9

Beliefs exists independent of..

Answer 9

truth value

Question 10

Beliefs describe..

Answer 10

some aspect of collective reality

Question 11

Beliefs are used to construct reality in..

Answer 11

• ordinary life

- extraordinary life

Question 12

Beliefs provide assumptions used as..

Answer 12

substitute for direct experience with those we interact with and depend on

Question 13

Belief systems are..

Answer 13

narratives for how the world works

Question 14

Principle of falsifiability

Answer 14

if something is an open or closed system

Question 15

Principle of falsifiability question. Can you imagine something empirical that would change your mind?

Answer 15

• if yes, open system

- if not, closed system

Question 16

Cognitive components of culture

Answer 16

descriptions (beliefs). beliefs are descriptions of the way the world works

Question 17

Evaluative components

Answer 17

prescriptions (values). When they state a value, they are telling you what you should be doing

Question 18

Referents

Answer 18

what the thing refers to

Question 19

Empirical world

Answer 19

world available to peoples sense (natural)

Question 20

Super empirical world

Answer 20

world beyond our senses (supernatural)

Question 21

Orientations

Answer 21

how you’re looking at the things your interested in describing or prescribing

Question 22

Individual as observer

Answer 22

person IN the world. looking

Question 23

Individual as manipulator

Answer 23

person OVER the world. controlling

Question 24

Individual as subordinated

Answer 24

person SUBJECTED to the world. experience consequences

Question 25

Theology

Answer 25

set of cognitive beliefs. = mythology

Question 26

Two components of theology, beliefs about..

Answer 26

- the way the world is | - a way of discovering how it is that things occur

Question 27

Difference from science, science is a..

Answer 27

belief about the world comprehensibility about the senses

Question 28

2 kinds of theological knowledge

Answer 28

- how things work | - why things work as they do

Question 29

3 universal religious themes

Answer 29

- justice - needless suffering - death

Question 30

Justice

Answer 30

people should receive in proportion to their contributions.

Question 31

Justice ideal connection to norms

Answer 31

good fortune is deserved if conforming to norms

Question 32

What challenges justice

Answer 32

reality of deviance

Question 33

Needless suffering

Answer 33

apparenrtly senseless (ex: random shooting)

Question 34

Theological answer to needless suffering

Answer 34

there is an answer, point to it all, even if unrevealed to you

Question 35

Death

Answer 35

common issues of justice, sufferings, and death demand meeting and regions provide such

Question 36

What regions supplies

Answer 36

- answers to questions that puzzle significant numbers | - answers to questions that cannot be answered empirically

Question 37

Supernatural character of religion when institutionalized performs social functions for maintaining the pattern of the maze..

Answer 37

- unquestioned authority for group norms - extraordinary reward punishments - prioritize norms - common mythology

Question 38

The important region ____ a group creates problems for religion ____ groups

Answer 38

within; between

Question 39

Religions are...

Answer 39

ideologies, closed system that give certianity in a risk-filled reality

Question 40

Hierarchy of social justification

Answer 40

1. sanctions justified by norms 2. norms justified by values 3. nothing above values to justify

Question 41

Only 2 ways to resolve values disagreements

Answer 41

- divorce (staying away) | - force

Question 42

If you desperately want something to happen but lack technology/tools...

Answer 42

prone to magic

Question 43

Types of magic

Answer 43

determinant, mechanisms by which effects are produced

Question 44

Implications

Answer 44

- characters are dependent variables - holding people responsible - control - everyone is looking glass

Question 45

Socialization explains past acitions..

Answer 45

responsibility is about future actions

Question 46

If controls aren't built into the person...

Answer 46

they will be built into physical and social environments

Question 47

Everyone is a looking glass,

Answer 47

you are shaping other continuously. denying this doesn't reduce truth, only quality of socialization

Question 48

Nature of action

Answer 48

meaningful, purposeful, intentional

Question 49

Nature of feedback in an acting system

Answer 49

if people are going to have a goal, there must be some way to orient/regulate behaviour toward goal

Question 50

4 components of acting system

Answer 50

1. reference signals (goal system is meeting) 2. sensing mechanisms (registers variables) 3. error signals (discrepancy between sensing mechanisms and reference signal) 4. effector mechanisms (systems response to error signal)

Question 51

What learning means

Answer 51

non genetic change

Question 52

2 types of change

Answer 52

- from inability to ability | - from ability to inability

Question 53

Why do people learn

Answer 53

because of failure to get desired response from the environment

Question 54

Frustration is a

Answer 54

necessary condition for learning

Question 55

Cognitive reaction to frustration

Answer 55

surprise

Question 56

Affective reaction to frustration

Answer 56

disappointment

Question 57

Evaluative reaction to frustration

Answer 57

indignation

Question 58

Not just enough to be frustrated you also need to be... to properly learn

Answer 58

shown an alternate route or behaviour

Question 59

Collective goods

Answer 59

bought at the price of individual freedom

Question 60

Societies that have more government have more..

Answer 60

mechanisms for social intervention

Question 61

Societies that have more government have less..

Answer 61

individual freedom

Question 62

Variable is level of government ,,

Answer 62

state or stateless

Question 63

Translating strength calculation

Answer 63

- 1-10 % diff = no relationship - 11-40 % diff = modest - 41-70 % diff = moderate - 71-100 % diff = strong

Question 64

Form

Answer 64

what kind/type of connection relates the variable in the relationship