Incentive learning Flashcards
(11 cards)
5 types of associations
- CS-CS (2 neutral stimuli).
- CS-US (neutral and biologically relevant).
- S-R (stimulus and response).
- S-O (stimulus and outcome).
- A-O (action and outcome).
R reflects the idea that movement may not be goal-directed; A suggests that it is intentional.
Rescorla (1990) S-(R-O) associations
Extinguishing light-lever-grain and light-chain-sugar also weakened the noise-lever-grain and tone-chain-sugar relations (but not lever-sugar or chain-grain).
Rats were able to generalise based on shared meaning.
Acquired equivalence
Experiences are treated as similar if they have similar structure and meaning
OCD and goal-directed dysfunction
Bias towards S-R learning (habit) rather than A-O learning.
Gillian et al. (2011) OCD
Patients with OCD demonstrate deficit in goal-directed control and overreliance on habits. Failed to inhibit actions when outcomes changed (despite knowing contingency).
Paradoxical choice
Rats prefer 40% reward (info) to 50% reward (no-info). (50% is better than 20% though).
What are visual hallucinations from psychedelics related to?
Serotoninergic 5-HT agonist effects. (Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder, HPPD).
Conditioned place preference and dopamine
Rewarding drugs induce CPP like reward. CPP is blocked by dopamine depletion from the mesolimbic system.
Robinson and Berridge (2001) liking vs. wanting
Wanting: dopamine-dependent incentive salience system.
Liking: dopamine-independent system that mediates pleasure.
Dopamine release self-administration vs. passive
Instrumental administration of cocaine cause greater dopamine release. Drugs are more reinforcing when users actively take them.
Lamb et al. (1991) liking vs. wanting heroine users
Participants would work for doses of morphine even if they had no subjective effects. They wanted the drug, even if they didn’t like it.
