indian resistance [14] {topic 3}

Question 1

How successful was Indian resistance against British control at the beginning?

Answer 1

• Indian resistance was initially successful, particularly under Haider Ali of Mysore.
• He defended his territories effectively in the early Mysore Wars.
• In the First Anglo-Mysore War (1767–1769), Haider Ali achieved some success, and in the Second War (1779–84), both he and his son Tipu Sultan inflicted crushing defeats on the British in several encounters, managing not only to protect their land but also to expand their territories

Question 2

What happened during the Third Anglo-Mysore War, and how did it reflect Indian resistance?

Answer 2

• In the Third Anglo-Mysore War (1789–1792), Tipu Sultan, now the ruler of Mysore and an ally of France, invaded Travancore, a British ally.

Question 3

How did the Marathas resist British expansion?

Answer 3

• The Anglo-Maratha Wars were another important example of Indian resistance.
• The First Anglo-Maratha War (1775–1782) lasted seven years and featured some defeats for the British.
• The Second Maratha War (1803–1805) also saw Indian successes.

Question 4

What setbacks did Indian resistance face in battles like Plassey and Buxar?

Answer 4

• Indian resistance was not always successful.
• At the Battle of Plassey in 1757, Siraj-ud-Daula was defeated and killed, largely due to betrayal by Mir Jafar, who later became the British-controlled ruler of Bengal.
• In the Battle of Buxar (1764), a joint force of Mir Qasim, Shah Alam II, and the Nawab of Oudh was also badly defeated by the British, further weakening Indian resistance.

Question 5

What was the outcome of the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War and its impact on Indian resistance?

Answer 5

• In the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1798–1799), Tipu Sultan was killed by joint British and Nizam forces, with Mir Sadiq betraying him.
• This was a massive blow to Indian resistance as Mysore, a major Indian power, fell completely into British hands, marking the end of significant resistance from that region.

Question 6

How did the Anglo-Maratha Wars end, and what did they mean for Indian control?

Answer 6

• While the Marathas had victories in the First Anglo-Maratha War, they failed to resist effectively in the Second and were completely defeated in the Third Anglo-Maratha War (1818).
• After this defeat, the entire Deccan region was annexed by the British..

Question 7

What role did the Sikh Empire play in resisting British expansion?

Answer 7

• The Sikhs also resisted in the Anglo-Sikh Wars of the 1840s.
• Although they had a strong empire under Ranjit Singh, it collapsed after defeats in both the First (1845–1846) and Second (1848–1849) Anglo-Sikh Wars.
• By 1849, the Sikh Empire was dissolved, adding to British control over the subcontinent.

Question 8

What was the final major attempt by Indians to resist British rule before full colonization?

Answer 8

• Indians were completely lost and defeated after the War of Independence in 1857.
• British became the sole power of India

Question 9

Analysis

Answer 9

Indian resistance to defend their lands was not successful due to their disunity and lack
of modern military equipment.