Industrialisation Flashcards
(28 cards)
What is the Industrial Revolution?
A period of major technological, social and economic change from around 1700–1900.
What area did most people live in before the Industrial Revolution?
The countryside.
What area did most people move to during the Industrial Revolution?
Towns and cities.
What process describes the growth of towns and cities?
Urbanisation.
What economic factor helped fund the Industrial Revolution?
Profits from the Transatlantic Slave Trade and British Empire.
What technological innovation increased textile production?
The spinning jenny.
What innovation improved transportation during the Industrial Revolution?
The steam engine.
What fuel powered many machines during the Industrial Revolution?
Coal.
What natural resource was essential to powering industrial machines?
Coal.
What new transport network helped link industrial towns?
Railways.
What industry was central to early industrialisation?
Textile manufacturing.
What were the living areas of the poor called in industrial cities?
Slums.
What were slums?
Poor quality housing built for the working poor to live in.
What health risks were common in industrial towns?
Cholera, diphtheria, and poor sanitation.
What is public health?
The system of preventing disease through clean water, housing and waste treatment.
What was a cesspit?
An open hole in the ground to collect human waste.
What is miasma?
The belief that disease was spread through ‘bad air’ or smells.
Why were industrial cities unhealthy?
Overcrowding, pollution, and lack of sanitation.
What class grew in power due to industrialisation?
Merchants and industrial middle class.
What financial service helped protect shipping investments?
Marine insurance.
What financial institution was founded in 1694?
The Bank of England.
Who were the Luddites?
Workers who destroyed machinery in protest against industrial job losses.
What was the Factory Act of 1833?
A law that limited child labour and improved working conditions.
What invention made printing faster and helped spread ideas?
The steam-powered printing press.
