Industrialization Ch 17 and 18

Question 1

Political Machines

Answer 1

Designed to keep a party or group in power. Was an unofficial organization. Elected officials controlled jobs and offered those jobs to people who supported them, including giving contracts to acquaintances in exchange for a money in return. Political boss meant winning loyalty of constituents, bribe with groceries and relief baskets.

Question 2

Laissez-faire

Answer 2

The government policy of leaving the market alone to make it’s own decision. Supply and demand will dictate the prices.

Question 3

Interchangeable parts

Answer 3

parts that are identical to each other which allow goods to be mass produced. If one piece is broken it can be swapped out for another instead of fixing the whole machine.

Question 4

Urbanization

Answer 4

the process by which large numbers of people become concentrated in small areas,forming cites

Question 5

Social Darwinism

Answer 5

survival of the fittest applied by the rich and it was applied to business and social classes. The rich “if you’re poor it’s your fault and the rich are better people”

Question 6

Vertical integration

Answer 6

When a company takes over all of the levels of business including taking the supply chain of the business. Example: A railroad company buying coal and steel companies. JP Morgan was especially known for this practice.

Question 7

Tenements

Answer 7

a room forming a separate residence within a house or apartments. Typically small and outdated. Also typically in rundown areas of cities. Mostly occupied by the working poor

Question 8

Interstate Commerce Act of 1887

Answer 8

a federal law designed to regulate railroad monopolies

Question 9

The Gospel of Wealth

Answer 9

1901 book by Andrew carneige , people of great wealth but also great responsibility to use their riches to advance social progress.

Question 10

public space

Answer 10

urban innovations like city parks like central park in NY
to reacquaint citizens with the natural world in an urban setting. Open to the general public. Could be public facilities to provide services to people especially the working poor.

Question 11

American Federation of Labor

Answer 11

The American Federation of Labor is a labor union that works to improve the lives of working people. Increased wages, better working conditions and an 8 hour work day were some goals of the AFL. Used strikes to try to force employers to increase wages or make working conditions safer.

Question 12

JP Morgan

Answer 12

A banker who controlled two thirds of the nation’s steel production, merging multiple companies through vertical integration. Arguably the most powerful man of the time period,