Flashcards in Infant Disorders Deck (24):
1
What is a cleft lip? what does it look like?
Can vary from an indentation to a fissure
May be unilateral or bilateral gap in upper lip extending to the nose
2
Incidence of cleft lip
1 in 700 live births
3
Etiology of cleft lip
teratogens (any factors that effect development of fetus)
i.e smoking, viral infections, folic acid deficiency
4
(CL) What is the issue during development?
When is the critical period?
maxillary and ansal str do not fuse (wk 5-8 critical period)
5
What other defect commonly comes along with cleft lift
Cleft palate
6
Tell me all about cleft palate
including incidence, etiologic, critical period, tx
Incomplete fusion of palatine strs (wk 9-12) (bone str of skull- hard palate)
Strong link to smoking in pregnancy
~ 1 in 2000 births
Malformed nasal strs?
Sx required
7
What is pyloric stenosis?
Muscle hypertrophy at pylorus (distal end of stomach) leading to constriction
8
When does pyloric stenosis begin?
2-8 weeks after births
(not congenital, but a functional problem)
9
Who more likely to develop pyloric stenosis? incidence?
~1 in 1000 births
4:1 Male to Female
10
Etiology of pyloric stenosis
Idiopathic
Linked to hypergastrinemia, PGE (local hormone) & erythromycin exposure (medication side effects)
11
Path leading to MNFTS of Pyloric stenosis
Hypertrophy -> constriction -> inflm -> obstr
Inflm is what causes obstr
MNFTS- Projectile vomiting, dehydration, malnourishment
12
Dx and Tx of pyloric stenosis
Hx and Px
US ( and palpation to suggest it)
Tx involves Sx
13
What is gastroesophageal reflux and what is it's incidence in infants?
Gastric reflux via distal esophageal sphincter r/t incomplete closure
Common GI problem (~50% incidence)
(0-3 months common)
14
Etiology of gastroesophageal reflux
Neuromuscular - it is a functional problem, not str or congenital
15
Path and Complications of gastroesophageal reflux
Gastric contents -> esop -> esophagitis?
Growth problems?
16
how is gastroesophageal reflux treated?
Mostly self limiting (~1yr) (But requires attention)
Symptomatic tx (antacid, PPI, H2RA)
Positioning
Modify feeding
Modify Feed (small thick meals)
Fundoplication ? (limited use, fortifying sphincter)
17
What is Hirschsprung Disease? Incidence?
Disorder sometimes called megacolon often developing in infancy related to inadequate stimulation of peristalsis in colon.
~ 1 in 5000 births
18
Etiology of Hirschsprung Disease?
•RET gene mutation, CHr 10
Codes for Proteins are involved in cell signaling for formation of tissue
Disorder is r/t neural tissue in the colon (neural innervation of muscle required for peristalsis)
19
Patho of Hirschsprung Disease
Tx?
Areas of colon lack PS ganglia -> no peristalsis (localized) -> accum of contents -> colon distention -> abdm distention.
Perf possible and peritonitis
20
What is Intussusception?
Intestine invaginates into adjoining section
21
Where is Intussusception like to occur?
Mostly at ileocecal valve (r/t smaller vessel pushing into larger diameter vessel)
22
Incidence of Intussusception
1-4 in 1000 birth
23
Describe the Patho and potential complications of Intussusception
invagination -> obstr -> inflm -> edema -> ischemia
necrosis, perf and peritonitis possible
24