Infection prevention and control

Question 1

Chain of infection (SIRMMM)

Answer 1

• Susceptible host
• Infectious agent
• Reservoir
• Means of exit
• Mode/route of spread
• Means of entry

Question 2

Sources of infection MAIN

Answer 2

• Endogenous
• Exognous
• Environmental

Question 3

Sources of infection SPECIFIC

Answer 3

• Blood & blood products
• Urine
• Faeces
• Vomit
• Pus
• Wound exudate
• Synovial fluid
• Breast milk
• Pericardial fluid
• Skin scales
• Saliva

Question 4

Routes of transmission

Answer 4

• Contact
• Airborne
• Faecal-oral
• Blood & body fluid

Question 5

Signs and symptoms of infections

Answer 5

• Pyrexia (fever)
• Pain, redness & swelling
• Pus production
• Tachycardia
• Confusion

Question 6

Standard precautions

Answer 6

• Hand hygiene
• Use of PPE
• Sharps management
• Decontamination

Question 7

5 moments of hand hygiene

Answer 7

1- before touching a patient
2- before clean/aseptic procedure
3- after body fluid exposure
4- after touching patient
5- after touching patient surroundings

Question 8

Jewellery policy

Answer 8

Bare below the elbows

Question 9

Hand hygiene for transient flora

Answer 9

Routine hand hygiene with soap and water

Question 10

Hand hygiene for resident flora

Answer 10

Surgical hand wash with aqueous antiseptic

Question 11

What to use for hand hygiene

Answer 11

• Liquid soap
• Aqueous antiseptic
• Alcohol hand rub

Question 12

Hand dry with

Answer 12

Paper towels

Question 13

How to use gloves

Answer 13

• Single use
• Change between patients
• Change between different activities on same patient
• Decontaminate hands after removal

Question 14

Types of gloves

Answer 14

Plastic
Vinyl
Latex
Nitrile
Neoprene

Question 15

How to use aprons

Answer 15

• Single use
• Change between patients
• Do not re-use on same patient

Question 16

Face protection

Answer 16

Goggles

Face visors

Question 17

Order of donning PPE

Answer 17

1- apron
2- mask
3- eye protection
4- gloves

Question 18

Order of removal of PPE

Answer 18

1- gloves
2- apron
3- eye protection
4- mask

Question 19

Sharps management

Answer 19

• Don’t resheath needles after use
• Dispose safely and immediately after use
• Your sharp - you dispose
• Don’t pass naked sharps to other people or from hand to hand
• Do not bend or break needles

Question 20

Sharps injury management

Answer 20

• Encourage bleeding
• Wash it
• Cover it
• Report it
• Occupational health

Question 21

Orange bag

Answer 21

Infectious/ potentially infectious SOFT waste contaminated with blood/bodily fluids. e.g. dressings, swabs, gloves, aprons.

Question 22

Yellow bag

Answer 22

Infectious or potentially infectious clinical waste contaminated with chemicals or pharmaceuticals e.g. IV giving sets or bags, medicated dressings

Question 23

Tiger bag

Answer 23

Non- infectious recognisable healthcare waste such as gloves, aprons, nappies not contaminated with infectious bodily fluids, medicines of chemicals

Question 24

Red lidded unit

Answer 24

Anatomical waste

Question 25

Blue lidded unit

Answer 25

Out of date stock, ward or patient returns, pharmaceutical waste (not cytotoxic).

Question 26

Yellow lidded sharps bin

Answer 26

Needles, syringes, used medicine vials (not cytotoxics)

Question 27

Purple lidded sharps bin

Answer 27

Cytotoxic sharps

Question 28

Low risk equipment

Answer 28

Items in contact with healthy intact skin or not in contact with the patient.

Question 29

Method of decontamination of low risk equipment

Answer 29

Cleaning - removal of accumulated deposits by washing with cleaning solutions. Removes dirt, grease, organic matter.

Question 30

Intermediate risk equipment

Answer 30

Items in contact with mucous membranes, contaminated with body fluids or prior to use on an immunocompromised patient.

Question 31

Method of decontamination of intermediate risk equipment

Answer 31

Disinfectants - partial removal or destruction of organisms to reduce them to a safe level with chemicals and heat.

Question 32

High risk equipment

Answer 32

Items in contact with broken skin or mucous membranes or introduced into a sterile body cavity

Question 33

Method of decontamination of high risk equipment

Answer 33

Sterilisation - complete removal or destruction of all organisms including spores NOT prions using autoclave.

Question 34

Items that need to be disinfected have to be

Answer 34

Cleaned prior to disinseftion

Question 35

When should the stock disinfectant be thrown away?

Answer 35

After 24hrs. Solution should be labelled with date and time.

Question 36

What is the designated symbol for single use items?

Answer 36

Circle with a 2 and a line through it.

Question 37

Reasons for isolation

Answer 37

- Dying patients - Disturbed sleep - At increased risk of infection - Have a transmissible infection

Question 38

When is source isolation carried out?

Answer 38

When a patient has a known or suspected infection and it refers to isolating the source of infection.

Question 39

Source isolation

Answer 39

- Isolation in single room - PPE on before going in - PPE off before coming out - Decontamination of equipment - Laundry management - Visitation restrictions

Question 40

Protective isolation

Answer 40

Positive pressure Wash hands and PPE before going in Staff restrictions Asepsis - endogenous risk