Viruses and Diseases

Question 1

What is a virus?

Answer 1

A piece of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat.

Question 2

Properties of viruses

Answer 2

• Can only replicate inside a host cell
• Don’t divide by binary fission
• Simple structure

Question 3

How do viruses transmit?

Answer 3

• air
• direct contact
• animal vectors
• contaminated food and water
• body fluids

Question 4

How many types of herpesviridae are there?

Answer 4

8
HSV 1 &2 
CMV
VZV 
EBV
HHV6,7&8

Question 5

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) occurs most when? Symptoms?

Answer 5

9 months to 5 years.

Lesions in and around the mouth.

Question 6

Complications of HSV1

Answer 6

Immunocompromised

Eczema herpeticum

Question 7

Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV2) is

Answer 7

Genital herpes

Symptoms last up to 3 weeks

Question 8

What percentage of primary genital herpes is caused by HSV1?

Answer 8

30%

Question 9

What are the 3 clinical forms of neonatal herpes?

Answer 9

1- Skin/eye/mouth - low mortality
2- Neurological (herpes simplex encephalitis) - 50% mortality
3- Disseminated - 80% mortality

Question 10

Treatments for herpes simplex virus (HSV)

Answer 10

Acyclovir

Question 11

Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV)

Answer 11

Chickenpox/ shingles

Question 12

Varicella/ chickenpox symptoms

Answer 12

10-21 day incubation

Fever, mild general malaise, itchy rash and mucous membranes.

Question 13

Treatment for Varicella disease/ chickenpox

Answer 13

Zoster immune globulin

Acyclovir

Question 14

Zoster/ shingles symptoms

Answer 14

Vesicles appear along infected nerve

Question 15

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) symptoms (glandular fever)

Answer 15

Fever
Fatigue
Sore throat
Swollen lymph glands

Question 16

EBV reactivation, oncogenic associations

Answer 16

• Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in AIDS patients
• Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
• Post transplant lymphoproliferative disorder
• Burkitt’s lymphoma

Question 17

Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) primary infection symptoms

Answer 17

asymptomatic

Question 18

Human cytomegalovirus ii immunocompromised patients can cause

Answer 18

Fever
Pneumonitis
Hepatitis
GI manifestations (colitis)
Generalised infection
Encephalopathy
Retinitis 
Poor graft function

Question 19

Treatments for Cytomegalovirus

Answer 19

Ganciclovir
Foscarnet
Cidofovir

Question 20

Clinical outcomes of congenital Cytomegalovirus infections

Answer 20

• hearing defects 15%
• Severe abnormalities 4%
• Perinatal death 1%

Question 21

Human herpes virus 6 & 7 (HHV6 & 7) affects children aged…

Answer 21

6 months to 2 years

Question 22

Human herpes virus 6 & 7 (HHV6 & 7) symptoms

Answer 22

High fever

Rash

Question 23

Human herpes virus 8 (HHV8) causes

Answer 23

Kaposi’s sarcoma

Endothelial cell tumour

Question 24

Paramyxoviridae (paramyxoviruses) includes

Answer 24

Parainfluenza
Measles
Mumps
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Human metapneuovirus

Question 25

Parainfluenza causes

Answer 25

Acute respiratory infections | Ranges from mild upper respiratory tract infection to croup or pneumonia

Question 26

Mumps is

Answer 26

An infection of the salivary glands. Common childhood illness.

Question 27

Mumps complications

Answer 27

Orchitis in males testes Meningitis/encephalitis First trimester infection - fetal wastage.

Question 28

Measles first symptoms

Answer 28

Conjunctivitis, dry cough, sore throat, headache, low fever, koplicks spots.

Question 29

Measles rash appearance

Answer 29

red maculopapular rash, first appears on head and face then spreads to arms, body and legs

Question 30

Measles complications

Answer 30

Bronchopneumonia Otitis media Encephalomyelitis Sub sclerosing pan encephalitis (SSPE)

Question 31

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes

Answer 31

Lower respiratory tract disease during infancy and early childhood. May cause bronchitis, broncopneumonia and croup .

Question 32

Orthomyxoviridae/ influenza viruses symptoms

Answer 32

Fever, chills, aching, anorexia

Question 33

Togaviridae otherwise known as...

Answer 33

Rubella

Question 34

Rubella symptoms

Answer 34

Pale red rash, mild fever, runny nose. Can cause arthritis like symptoms in adults.

Question 35

Congenital rubella can cause..

Answer 35

``` Spontaneous abortion Congenital rubella syndrome Cataracts and blindness Hearing loss Heart malformation Mental retardation Diabetes ```

Question 36

HIV causes

Answer 36

AIDS as a result of depletion of t-helper lymphocytes