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Pediatrics PLE > Infectious > Flashcards

Infectious Flashcards

(89 cards)

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1
Q

Organism produces exotoxin and inhibits protein synthesis and causes gray-brown adherent pseudomembrane to bleeding edematous submucosa

A

Corynebacterium diphtheria

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2
Q

Bull neck appearance, leather like adherent membrane (pseudomembrane)

A

Corynebacterium diphtheria

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3
Q

Difference of diphtheria from strep throat

A

Relative lack of fever

Non-exudative throat

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4
Q

Period of communicability of pertussis

A

7 days after exposure to 4 weeks after onset of paroxysms

Catarrhal stage

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5
Q

Conjunctival suffusion, petechiae on upper anterior chest, clear breath sound, whooping cough

In between paroxysms child is well looking

A

Pertussis

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6
Q

Abrupt onset of fever, chills, headache, vomiting

Rapid worsening of symptoms within hours

Initially morbiliform rash becoming petechial then purpuric within hours

A

Meningococcemia

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7
Q

Drug of choice for Meningococcemia

A

Penicillin G 250000 - 300000 U/kg/day

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8
Q

CSF FINDINGS in Meningitis:

Pressure: 100-300mmHg
WBC: 100-10,000
CHON: 100-500
Glucose: <50%

A

Acute Bacterial Meningitis

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9
Q

CSF FINDINGS in Meningitis:

Pressure: 80-150 mmHg
WBC: >1,000
CHON: 50-200
Glucose: usually normal; may be low

A

Viral Meningitis

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10
Q

CSF FINDINGS in Meningitis:

Pressure: elevated
WBC: 10-500
CHON: 100-3,000
Glucose: <50

A

TB Meningitis

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11
Q

CSF FINDINGS in Meningitis:

Pressure: elevated
WBC: 5-500
CHON: 25-500
Glucose: <50

A

Fungal Meningitis

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12
Q

High grade fever, malaise, myalgia, cough, abdominal pain, hepatosplenomegaly, anorexia, diarrhea/constipation

Rose spots

Caused by S. Typhi

A

Enteric fever

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13
Q

Most commonly involved extraintestinal sites for complications of enteric fever

A

Cns and hepatobiliary

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14
Q

Mainstay of diagnosis of Enteric Fever

A

Blood culture, positive

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15
Q

Treatment for Uncomplicated Typhoid Fever

A

Fully sensitive: Chloramphenicol (14-21days) or Amoxicillin (14days)

Multidrug-resistant: Fluoroquinolone (5-7 days) or Cefixime (7-14 days)

Quinolone resistant: azithromycin (7days) or Ceftriaxone (10-14days)

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16
Q

Treatment for Severe Typhoid Fever

A

Fully sensitive: Azithromycin (14days) or Ceftriaxone (10-14 days)

Multidrug-resistant: Fluoroquinolone (10-14days)

Quinolone resistant: Ceftriaxone (10-14days)

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17
Q

Organism crosses the colonic epithelium through M Cells overlying the peyer patches

A

Shigella

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18
Q

Painful defecation, severe abdominal pain, high fever with significant dehydration

Watery voluminous diarrhea initially then into frequent small volume bloody mucoid stools

A

Shigellosis

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19
Q

Most common extraintestinal manifestation of Shigellosis

A

Neurologic manifestation

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20
Q

Definitive diagnosis of Shigellosis

A

Culture of stool and rectal swab

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21
Q

Infantile explosive diarrhea with dehydration

> 1y/o; Common in travellers

Responds to TMP-SMX

A

ETEC

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22
Q

Prolonged Nonbloody diarrhea with low grade fever

At risk for are <2y/o especially <6mos

A

EPEC

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23
Q

Shiga-toxin-producing E. Coli

Bloodr diarrhea, afebrile

6mos - 10 y/o; elderly

A

EHEC

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24
Q

Prolonged watery diarrhea that causes significant dehydration

<1y/o; Common in travellers

A

EAEC

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25
Acute onset of profuse, painless, watery diarrhea with rice-water consistency and fishy odor With vomiting; without abdominal cramps or fever
Cholera
26
Treatment for cholera
Fluid and electrolytes | Tetracycline for 3 days (not for <9y/o); Doxycycline single dose
27
Headache, restlessness, irritability followed by stiffness, trismus, sardonic smile, boardlike rigidity
Tetanus
28
Manifests within 3-12days of birth as progressive difficulty in feeding with associated hunger and crying; paralysis or diminished movement, stiffness to the touch, spasms with or without opisthotonus
Neonatal Tetanus
29
Treatment for Tetanus
``` Give Tetanus Ig 500 U single dose Penicillin G (DOC) 100,000 U/kg/day in 4-6hr intervals for 10-14 days ``` Alternative: Metronidazole Erythromycin Tetracycline
30
Painless papule appears at the site of inoculation 2-6wks after inoculation with regional lymphadenitis Clean painless ulcer with raised border that heals spontaneously w/in 4-6wks
Primary Syphilis
31
Clean painless ulcer with raised border that heals spontaneously w/in 4-6wks
Chancre
32
Untreated patients: develops a non-pruritic maculopapular rash involving the palms and soles Becomes latent within 1-2months after the onset id the rash
Secondary syphilis
33
Development of nonsuppuratjve granulomas of the skin and musculoskeletal system due to host's hypersensitivity reaction (gummatous lesions)
Tertiary Syphilis
34
Acute systemic febrile reaction with exacerbation of lesions in 15-20% of all patients with acquired or congenital syphilis who are treated with penicillin
Jarisch-herxheimer reaction
35
Treatment for Syphilis
Benzathine Penicillin G
36
2 phases of Anicteric leptospirosis
Initial or Septicemic Phase | Secondary or Immune Phase
37
This phase is abrupt, with fever, chills, severe headache, severe muscular pain and tenderness Truncal red maculopapular rash Conjunctival suffusion with photophobia and ocular pain WITHOUT chemosis and purulent exudate
Initial or Septicemic Phase
38
This phase follows a brief asymptomatic interlude with biphasic fever Some with aseptic meningitis
Secondary or Immune Phase
39
Severe form of leptospirosis Right upper quadrant pain, hepatomegaly, increased liver enzymes, hyperbilirubinemia Azotemia -> oliguria -> anuria
Icteric / Weil's Syndrome
40
Presumptive diagnosis of leptospirosis
Fourfold rise in Ab titer in soecimens obtained 2 or more weeks apart
41
Most useful screening test for Leptospirosis
Microscopic slide-agglutination test using killed Ags
42
Treatment for Leptospirosis
Penicillin G Alternative: Tetracycline
43
High grade fever with conjunctivitis and colds then appearance of rash When the rash fades, branny desquamation and disappears within 7-10 days
Measles
44
Grayish white spots with red border opposite the lower molars appear before the prodrome period
Koplik Spots
45
Timing of appearance of rash in Measles
At the height of the fever
46
Period of communicability of Measles
4 days before and 4 days after the onset of rash
47
Post exposure prophylaxis of Measles
1) Measles Ig for prevention and attenuation within 6 days of exposure 2) measles active vaccine can be given for susceptible children >1 y/o within 72 hours
48
Chronic complication of measles with a delayed onset due to persistent infection with an altered virus that is harbored intracellularly in the CNS
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
49
CSF analysis in SSPE
Normal cells but high IgM and IgG Ab titers in >1:8
50
Period of communicability of Rubella
5 days before and 6 days after the onset of rash
51
Most characteristic sign of Rubella
Retroauricular, posterior cervical and postoccipital lymphadenopathy
52
Discrete rose spots on the soft palate in Rubella
Forchheimer Spots
53
How is Rubella different from Measles?
Low grade fever for 1-3 days, polyarthritis and No photophobia
54
Diagnostic of Rubella
(+) IgM antibody and (+) IgG with fourfold increase in titer is diagnostic
55
``` Congenital profound SNHL Salt and pepper retinopathy IUGR Congenital Cataracts microcephaly Blueberry muffin skin lesions ```
Congenital Rubella Syndrome
56
Period of communicability of Mumps
1-2 days before the onset of parotid swelling until 5 days after the onset of swelling
57
Pain and swelling in one or both parotid glands Swollen glands push the ear lobe upper, outward and the angle of mandible is no longer visible
Mumps
58
Most frequent complication if Mumps
Meningoencephalitis
59
Causative agent of Roseola Infantum
HHV 6
60
Fever for 3-5 days with fussiness, rash appears within 12-24 hours of fever resolution Ulcers in the uvulopalatoglossal junction
Roseola
61
Ulcers in the uvulopalatoglossal junction in Roseola
Nagayama Spots
62
Lifelong latent infection of sensory ganglion neuron
Chickenpox / varicella
63
Period of communicability of Varicella
1-2 days before the onset of rash until 3-7 days after onset of rash and all the lesions have crusted
64
Rash often appear first on the scalp, face, or trunk then spread to other parts of the body Intensely pruritic macule -> papule -> vesicle All stages are present simultaneously
Varicella
65
Tender vesicular lesions in the hands and feet Ulcerative intraoral lesions Most frequent etiology: Coxsackievirus A16
Hand Foot And Mouth Disease
66
Sudden onset of fever, vomiting, abdominal pain, dysphagia Small vesicles and ulcers with a red ring found mainly in the tonsillar pillars
Herpangina
67
Also known as Fifth Disease Due to parvovirus B19, with a primary target - erythroid cell lines
Erythema Infectiosum
68
Low grade fever, headache, URTI, slapped cheek appearance that spreads rapidly to the trunk and proximal extremities as a diffuse macular erythema
Erythema Infectiosum
69
Skin vesicles and shallow ulcers that resolves in 7-14 days Most commonly affected: 6mos - 5y/o Pain in mouth, drooling, refusal to drink or eat, fever up to 40C
Herpetic Gingivistomatitis
70
Gold standard in diagnosing HSV infection
Viral Culture
71
Test of choice in examining CSF of HSV
PCR
72
Parts of the brain affected by HSV
Frontal lobe Temporal lobe Limbic System
73
First virus to be associated with malignancy
Epstein Barr Virus
74
Severe pharyngitis with marked tonsillar enlargement with petechiae at the junction of the hard and soft palate
Infectious mononucleosis
75
Primary infection in adolescents and adults in Infectious Mononucleosis
Classic triad: fatigue, pharyngitis, generalized lymphadenopathy
76
Most feared complication id Infectious Mononucleosis
Splenic rupture
77
Most common congenital infection which causes the syndrome cytomegalic inclusion disease (hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, petechiae, purpura, microcephaly)
CMV
78
Pathognomonic of CMV
Strikingly enlarged epithelial or mesenchymal cells with large intranuclear inclusions
79
Hearing loss or learning disability, IUGR, jaundice, purpura intracerebral calcifications, chorioretinitis
Congenital CMV
80
Virus causes lytic infection of the respiratory epithelium that permits secondary bacterial invasion
Orthomyxoviridae
81
Onset of symptoms is abrupt Coryza, conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, dry cough, high grade fever, myalgia Diagnosis is confirmed by hemagglutination inhibition
Influenza
82
Dengue fever's characteristic rash
Transient macular generalized rash that blanches under pressure seen during the 1st 24-48 hours of fever 1-2 days after defervescence: generalized maculopapular rash appears which spares the palms and soles (Hermann's rash)
83
Isles of white in a sea of red
Hermann's Rash
84
Most common route of transmission of Viral Pneumonia
Airborne droplets
85
Punched out ulcers in the posterior palate
Herpangina/Coxsackie A
86
Diagnosis of Typhoid fever is best made by
Isolation of S. Typhi from blood, urine or stool
87
Most common etiologic agent for early onset neonatal sepsis in the newborn in the LOCAL SETTING
E. coli
88
Most common etiologic agent for early onset neonatal sepsis in the newborn
GBS
89
DOc for neonatal sepsis
Ampicillin + Gentamicin

Pediatrics PLE (8 decks)

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