Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

Most common malignant neoplasm in chilhood

A

Leukemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Most common malignant childhood malignancy

2-6y/o; M>F

Clinical manifestation:
Acute onset <4 weeks

A

Acute lymphobastic leukemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Diagnosis of ALL

A

BMA: >25% of the BM cells as a homogenous population of lymphoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Poor prognostic factors

A
<2y/o or >10y/o
Male
WBC >100,000u/L on presentation
Presence of CNS leukemia
Presence of Mediastinal Mass
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Single most important prognostic factor in ALL

A

Treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Treatment of ALL

A

Remission induction: to eradicate leukemic cells
Condolidation phase: 14-28wks to prevent CNS relapse
Maintenance phase: 2-3years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Drugs used in Remission induction

A

Vincristine, Prednisone, L-asparaginase for 4 weeks PLUS CNS prophylactic irradiation or chemotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Drugs used in Maintenance Phase

A

Mercaptopurine daily AND Methotrexate weekly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Complication pf treatment of ALL

A

Tumor lysis syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Remission in ALL

A

<5% blasts in the BM and a return of neutrophil and platelet count to near-normal levels after 4-5weeks of treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sites of Relapse in ALL

A

Bone marrow
CNS
testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where does ALL spread?

A

Liver
Spleen
Lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Bimodal age distribution: 20-30 years and >50y/o

REGIONAL Painless nontender, firm, rubbery cervical or supraclavicular adenopathy

Hepatosplenomegaly is Rare; contiguous lymph mode spread

Weight loss >10% over 3mos, unexplained high grade fever, drenching night sweats

Reed-Sternberg Cell

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

60% of all lymphomas in children and adolescents

Systemic adenopathy; Hepatosplenomegaly; more extranodal involvement; non-contiguous lymph node spread

Weight loss >10% over 3mos, unexplained high grade fever, drenching night sweats

A

Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Most common posterior fossa tumor of childhood; has the best prognosis

Clinical Manifestations: personality changes, signs of increased ICP, motor weakness, ataxia, seizures

Dx: MRI
Tx: resection, radiotherapy, steroids, supportive

A

Cerebellar Astrocytoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

2nd most common posterior fossa tumor of childhood; from the roof of the 4th ventricle

Very aggressive, can metastasize to extracranial sites

Clinical manifestations: prominent signs of increases ICP

A

Medulloblastoma/PNET

17
Q

3rd most common posterior fossa tumor of childhood; infiltrates the pons and spreads throughout the brainstem

Clinical Manifestations: changes in personality, cranial nerve and long-tract signs

Tx: surgery not possible, limited radiotherapy, steroids

A

Brainstem gliomas

18
Q

2nd most common malignant abdominal tumor in childhood

Painless abdominal mass that does not cross the midline

Tx: transabdominal nephrectomy and post surgical chemotherapy

A

Wilms Tumor

19
Q

3rd most common pediatric cancer; embryonal tumor neural crest cell origin

Non-tender abdominal mass which may cross the midline

A

Neuroblastoma

20
Q

Most common sites of metastasis Of neuroblastoma

A

Long bones and skull, BM, liver, lymph nodes, skin