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aNeuro Exam 2- Lindsey's > Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What organism most often causes bacterial meningitis in infants 0-23 months old?

A

group B strep

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2
Q

What organism most often causes bacterial meningitis in those 2yo-35yo?

A

Neisseria

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3
Q

What organism most often causes bacterial meningitis in those 35+ years old?

A

Strep. pneumo

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4
Q

Group B strep most often causes bacterial meningitis in what age group?

A

infants 0-23 mos old

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5
Q

Neisseria most often causes bacterial meningitis in what age group?

A

2yo-35yo

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6
Q

Strep. pneumo. most often causes bacterial meningitis in what age group?

A

35yo+

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7
Q

What is the pathophys of a bacterial meningitis infection?

A

sub-arachnoid space is infiltrated by organisms via blood infection or adjacent cranial infection (in kids)
also caused by skull/spinal defects

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8
Q

What is the classic triad of bacterial meningitis?

A

altered mental status/confusion
fever
nuchal rigidity (stiff neck)

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9
Q

What are other s/s of bacterial meningitis, other than the classic triad of altered mental status/confusion, fever, and nuchal rigidity (stiff neck)?

A 
HA
hydrocephalus
sz
cranial nerve palsies (3, 6, 7, and esp 8)
focal defects
papilloedema
positive Kernig's sign
positive Brudzinski's sign
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10
Q 
Dx?
altered mental status/confusion
fever
nuchal rigidity (stiff neck)
HA
hydrocephalus
sz
cranial nerve palsies (3, 6, 7, and esp 8)
focal defects
papilloedema
positive Kernig's sign
positive Brudzinski's sign
A

bacterial meningitis

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11
Q

What is the tx for bacterial meningitis?

A

STAT start of empiric Abx, corticosteroids

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12
Q

What tests should be done for suspected bacterial meningitis? What are the results that point towards dx?

A 
blood cultures (positive)
lumbar puncture (+ CSF pleocytosis, increased protein, decreased glucose)
neuroimaging
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13
Q

When is lumbar puncture contraindicated?

A

with suspected focal/neuro defects (AMS)
increased ICP
CNS infection or lesion
immunocompromised pts

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14
Q

What are some complications of bacterial meningitis?

A 
meningoencephalitis
cranial nerve palsies
empyema
sz's
hydrocephalus
new infarcts
deafness
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15
Q

What is encephalitis?

A

inflammation of parenchymal gray matter in the brain

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16
Q

What is inflammation of parenchymal gray matter in the brain?

A

encephalitis

17
Q

What are the most common causative agents of viral meningitis (in order)?

A

enteroviruses (coxsackie, echo)
arboviruses (WNV)
herpes viruses (HSV-2, VZV)
others (HIV, measles/mumps)

18
Q

What are the most common causative agents of encephalitis (in order)?

A

arboviruses (WNV)
herpes viruses (HSV-1, CMV, EBV)
others (HIV, flu, Rabies)

19
Q

What is the pathophys of a herpes-caused viral meningitis or encephalitis?

A

retrograde movement to the brain –> temporal lobe necrosis

20
Q

What is the pathophys of West Nile Virus-caused viral meningitis or encephalitis?

A

mosquito bite causes viral replication in the skin –> dendritic cells take up and move to lymph nodes –> enter blood stream –> travel to spleen –> systemic viral load enters brain

21
Q

What are the s/s of enterovirus?

A 
rash
pharyngitis/herpangia
GI complaints
pleurodynia
myocarditis
pericarditis
conjunctivitis
macular rash
22
Q

What are the s/s of encephalitis?

A 
fever
AMS
HA
personality changes
sz's
23
Q 
Dx?
fever
AMS
HA
personality changes
sz's
A

encephalitis

24
Q 
Dx?
rash
pharyngitis/herpangia
GI complaints
pleurodynia
myocarditis
pericarditis
conjunctivitis
macular rash
A

viral meningitis (enterovirus infection)

25
Q

What is the tx for viral meningitis?

A

acyclovir

26
Q

What tests and their results are diagnostic for West Nile Virus?

A

lumbar puncture = positive pleocytosis, increased protein, normal glucose
PCR = positive
serology = positive IgM

27
Q

Dx?
lumbar puncture = positive pleocytosis, increased protein, normal glucose
PCR = positive
serology = positive IgM

A

West Nile Virus

aNeuro Exam 2- Lindsey's (23 decks)

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