Spinal Cord I and II

Question 1

Define myelopathy.

Answer 1

disorder resulting in spinal cord dysfunction

Question 2

Define nerve root.

Answer 2

combined sensory/motor rami of the spinal cord

Question 3

Define tracts.

Answer 3

axons that travel in the spinal cord to relay info

Question 4

Define dermatome.

Answer 4

cutaneous area served by an individual sensory root

Question 5

Define myotome.

Answer 5

muscles innervated by an individual motor root

Question 6

Define radiculopathy.

Answer 6

sensory and/or motor dysfunction due to injury to a nerve root

Question 7

Define intervertebral foramen.

Answer 7

opening formed by 2 adjacent vertebral bodies through which nerve roots travel

Question 8

Define paresthesia.

Answer 8

an abnormal sensation; burning, prickling, tickling, tingling; “pins and needles”

Question 9

Define dysesthesia.

Answer 9

impairment of sensation short of anesthesia

Question 10

Define hyperesthesia.

Answer 10

abnormal acuteness of sensitivity to touch, pain, or other sensory stimuli

Question 11

This is abnormal acuteness of sensitivity to touch, pain, or other sensory stimuli.

Answer 11

hyperesthesia

Question 12

This is impairment of sensation short of anesthesia.

Answer 12

dysesthesia

Question 13

This is an abnormal sensation; burning, prickling, tickling, tingling; “pins and needles”.

Answer 13

paresthesia

Question 14

This is the opening formed by 2 adjacent vertebral bodies through which nerve roots travel.

Answer 14

intervertebral foramen

Question 15

This is sensory and/or motor dysfunction due to injury to a nerve root.

Answer 15

radiculopathy

Question 16

This is a disorder resulting in spinal cord dysfunction.

Answer 16

myelopathy

Question 17

This is a combined sensory/motor rami of the spinal cord.

Answer 17

nerve root

Question 18

These are axons that travel in the spinal cord to relay info.

Answer 18

tracts

Question 19

This is a cutaneous area served by an individual sensory root.

Answer 19

dermatome

Question 20

This is the muscles innervated by an individual motor root.

Answer 20

myotome

Question 21

There are ___ pairs of nerve roots.

Answer 21

31

Question 22

There are 31 ____ of nerve ____.

Answer 22

pairs; roots

Question 23

The dorsal and ventral rami combine at each segment of the spinal cord to form the _____.

Answer 23

nerve roots

Question 24

The vertebral body # is _____ than the underling cord segment #.

Answer 24

different

Question 25

How many numbered cervical roots are there? Cervical vertebral bones?

Answer 25

8 roots; 7 bones

Question 26

The ____ is located at S3-S5 and is the tip of the spinal cord.

Answer 26

conus medullaris

Question 27

What does the conus medullaris supply?

Answer 27

bladder rectum genitalia

Question 28

What is formed by the L5 roots within the lumbosacral cistern?

Answer 28

the cauda equina

Question 29

Lesions that evolve OUTSIDE the spinal cord are called _____.

Answer 29

extramedullary lesions

Question 30

Lesions that evolve ______ the spinal cord are called extramedullary lesions.

Answer 30

outside

Question 31

_____ lesions arise within the spinal cord and cause early bladder dysfunction with late development of pain.

Answer 31

Intramedullary

Question 32

Intramedullary lesions arise within the spinal cord and cause early ______ with late ______.

Answer 32

bladder dysfunction; development of pain

Question 33

Extramedullary lesions cause early____ and ____.

Answer 33

pain and UMN signs

Question 34

What does the C5 dermatome cover?

Answer 34

back of shoulder and lateral arm

Question 35

What does the C6 dermatome cover?

Answer 35

thumb and 2nd digit

Question 36

What does the C7 dermatome cover?

Answer 36

3rd digit (middle finger)

Question 37

What does the T4 dermatome cover?

Answer 37

nipple line

Question 38

What does the T6 dermatome cover?

Answer 38

xyphoid process

Question 39

What does the T10 dermatome cover?

Answer 39

umbilicus

Question 40

What does the L4 dermatome cover?

Answer 40

kneecap, medial leg

Question 41

What does the L5 dermatome cover?

Answer 41

dorsum of foot, great toe

Question 42

What does the S1 dermatome cover?

Answer 42

lateral foot, small toe, sole of foot

Question 43

What dermatome covers the lateral foot, small toe, sole of foot?

Answer 43

S1

Question 44

What dermatome covers the dorsum of foot, great toe?

Answer 44

L5

Question 45

What dermatome covers the kneecap, medial leg?

Answer 45

L4

Question 46

What dermatome covers the umbilicus?

Answer 46

T10

Question 47

What dermatome covers the xyphoid process?

Answer 47

T6

Question 48

What dermatome covers the nipple line?

Answer 48

T4

Question 49

What dermatome covers the back of shoulder and lateral arm?

Answer 49

C5

Question 50

What dermatome covers the thumb and 2nd digit?

Answer 50

C6

Question 51

What dermatome covers the 3rd digit (middle finger)?

Answer 51

C7

Question 52

What are the key features of UMN syndrome?

Answer 52

immediate: muscle weakness and hypotonia hyporeflexia or areflexia later: spasticity and hyperreflexia (extensor plantar response/Babinksi's sign) spastic paresis

Question 53

``` Syndrome? immediate: muscle weakness and hypotonia hyporeflexia or areflexia later: spasticity and hyperreflexia (extensor plantar response/Babinksi's sign) spastic paresis ```

Answer 53

UMN

Question 54

What are the key features of LMN syndrome?

Answer 54

immediate: muscle weakness, hypotonia, hyporeflxia/areflexia later: same ^^ flaccid paresis fasciculations atrophy

Question 55

``` Sydrome? immediate: muscle weakness, hypotonia, hyporeflxia/areflexia later: same ^^ flaccid paresis fasciculations atrophy ```

Answer 55

LMN

Question 56

______ is associated with upper motor neuron lesions anywhere along the corticospinal tract.

Answer 56

Babinski's sign

Question 57

Babinski's sign is associated with ______ lesions anywhere along the corticospinal tract.

Answer 57

upper motor neuron

Question 58

What is the job of the spinothalamic tract?

Answer 58

pain and temperature transmission

Question 59

What is the job of the posterior columns?

Answer 59

vibration and position sense

Question 60

What is the job of the corticospinal tract?

Answer 60

motor

Question 61

Via what tract is motor sense relayed?

Answer 61

the corticospinal tract

Question 62

Via what tract are vibration and position sense relayed?

Answer 62

the posterior columns

Question 63

What tract relays info on pain and temperature?

Answer 63

the spinothalamic tract

Question 64

What is Lhermitte's sign? What does it indicate?

Answer 64

shooting pain down one's spine when asked to extend it = compression of spinal cord = cervical myelopathy/stenosis

Question 65

This is shooting pain down one's spine when asked to extend it = compression of spinal cord = cervical myelopathy/stenosis

Answer 65

Lhermitte's sign

Question 66

What is Spurling's sign? What does it indicate?

Answer 66

shooting pain along a nerve root tractwhen pt is asked to rotate neck toward affected side = nerve root compression from neural foramen

Question 67

This is shooting pain along a nerve root tract when pt is asked to rotate neck toward affected side = nerve root compression from neural foramen.

Answer 67

Spurling's sign

Question 68

What is Lasegue's sign? What does it indicate?

Answer 68

shooting pain down territory of a nerve root when supine pt is asked to raise a straight leg and dorsiflex the ankle --> sciatic nerve stretches = foraminal stenosis compression on a nerve root

Question 69

This is a shooting pain down territory of a nerve root when supine pt is asked to raise a straight leg and dorsiflex the ankle --> sciatic nerve stretches = foraminal stenosis compression on a nerve root.

Answer 69

Lasegue's sign

Question 70

What is the difference btw paresthesia and dysesthesia?

Answer 70

same, but dys = more unpleasant

Question 71

Above T1, the cervical nerve exits _____ its like #'d vertebrae.

Answer 71

above

Question 72

What cervical nerve exits below C7 and above T1?

Answer 72

C8

Question 73

Below T1, the nerve exits _____ its like #d vertebrae.

Answer 73

below

Question 74

What happens to an interruption of the pontine micturition center?

Answer 74

the bladder will contract against a closed sphincter --> reflux, kidney damage

Question 75

What part of the brain has control over voluntary micturition?

Answer 75

the frontal lobe

Question 76

What does a sacral spinal cord lesion do to micturition?

Answer 76

causes flaccid bladder

Question 77

What does a spinal cord lesion above S2-S4 do to micturition?

Answer 77

causes spastic bladder (think UMN)