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aNeuro Exam 2- Lindsey's > Spinal Cord I and II > Flashcards

Spinal Cord I and II Flashcards

1
Q

Define myelopathy.

A

disorder resulting in spinal cord dysfunction

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2
Q

Define nerve root.

A

combined sensory/motor rami of the spinal cord

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3
Q

Define tracts.

A

axons that travel in the spinal cord to relay info

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4
Q

Define dermatome.

A

cutaneous area served by an individual sensory root

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5
Q

Define myotome.

A

muscles innervated by an individual motor root

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6
Q

Define radiculopathy.

A

sensory and/or motor dysfunction due to injury to a nerve root

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7
Q

Define intervertebral foramen.

A

opening formed by 2 adjacent vertebral bodies through which nerve roots travel

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8
Q

Define paresthesia.

A

an abnormal sensation; burning, prickling, tickling, tingling; “pins and needles”

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9
Q

Define dysesthesia.

A

impairment of sensation short of anesthesia

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10
Q

Define hyperesthesia.

A

abnormal acuteness of sensitivity to touch, pain, or other sensory stimuli

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11
Q

This is abnormal acuteness of sensitivity to touch, pain, or other sensory stimuli.

A

hyperesthesia

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12
Q

This is impairment of sensation short of anesthesia.

A

dysesthesia

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13
Q

This is an abnormal sensation; burning, prickling, tickling, tingling; “pins and needles”.

A

paresthesia

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14
Q

This is the opening formed by 2 adjacent vertebral bodies through which nerve roots travel.

A

intervertebral foramen

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15
Q

This is sensory and/or motor dysfunction due to injury to a nerve root.

A

radiculopathy

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16
Q

This is a disorder resulting in spinal cord dysfunction.

A

myelopathy

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17
Q

This is a combined sensory/motor rami of the spinal cord.

A

nerve root

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18
Q

These are axons that travel in the spinal cord to relay info.

A

tracts

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19
Q

This is a cutaneous area served by an individual sensory root.

A

dermatome

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20
Q

This is the muscles innervated by an individual motor root.

A

myotome

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21
Q

There are ___ pairs of nerve roots.

A

31

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22
Q

There are 31 ____ of nerve ____.

A

pairs; roots

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23
Q

The dorsal and ventral rami combine at each segment of the spinal cord to form the _____.

A

nerve roots

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24
Q

The vertebral body # is _____ than the underling cord segment #.

A

different

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25
Q

How many numbered cervical roots are there? Cervical vertebral bones?

A

8 roots; 7 bones

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26
Q

The ____ is located at S3-S5 and is the tip of the spinal cord.

A

conus medullaris

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27
Q

What does the conus medullaris supply?

A

bladder
rectum
genitalia

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28
Q

What is formed by the L5 roots within the lumbosacral cistern?

A

the cauda equina

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29
Q

Lesions that evolve OUTSIDE the spinal cord are called _____.

A

extramedullary lesions

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30
Q

Lesions that evolve ______ the spinal cord are called extramedullary lesions.

A

outside

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31
Q

_____ lesions arise within the spinal cord and cause early bladder dysfunction with late development of pain.

A

Intramedullary

32
Q

Intramedullary lesions arise within the spinal cord and cause early ______ with late ______.

A

bladder dysfunction; development of pain

33
Q

Extramedullary lesions cause early____ and ____.

A

pain and UMN signs

34
Q

What does the C5 dermatome cover?

A

back of shoulder and lateral arm

35
Q

What does the C6 dermatome cover?

A

thumb and 2nd digit

36
Q

What does the C7 dermatome cover?

A

3rd digit (middle finger)

37
Q

What does the T4 dermatome cover?

A

nipple line

38
Q

What does the T6 dermatome cover?

A

xyphoid process

39
Q

What does the T10 dermatome cover?

A

umbilicus

40
Q

What does the L4 dermatome cover?

A

kneecap, medial leg

41
Q

What does the L5 dermatome cover?

A

dorsum of foot, great toe

42
Q

What does the S1 dermatome cover?

A

lateral foot, small toe, sole of foot

43
Q

What dermatome covers the lateral foot, small toe, sole of foot?

A

S1

44
Q

What dermatome covers the dorsum of foot, great toe?

A

L5

45
Q

What dermatome covers the kneecap, medial leg?

A

L4

46
Q

What dermatome covers the umbilicus?

A

T10

47
Q

What dermatome covers the xyphoid process?

A

T6

48
Q

What dermatome covers the nipple line?

A

T4

49
Q

What dermatome covers the back of shoulder and lateral arm?

A

C5

50
Q

What dermatome covers the thumb and 2nd digit?

A

C6

51
Q

What dermatome covers the 3rd digit (middle finger)?

A

C7

52
Q

What are the key features of UMN syndrome?

A

immediate: muscle weakness and hypotonia
hyporeflexia or areflexia
later: spasticity and hyperreflexia (extensor plantar response/Babinksi’s sign)
spastic paresis

53
Q 
Syndrome?
immediate: muscle weakness and hypotonia
hyporeflexia or areflexia
later: spasticity and hyperreflexia (extensor plantar response/Babinksi's sign)
spastic paresis
A

UMN

54
Q

What are the key features of LMN syndrome?

A

immediate: muscle weakness, hypotonia, hyporeflxia/areflexia
later: same ^^
flaccid paresis
fasciculations
atrophy

55
Q 
Sydrome?
immediate: muscle weakness, hypotonia, hyporeflxia/areflexia
later: same ^^
flaccid paresis
fasciculations 
atrophy
A

LMN

56
Q

______ is associated with upper motor neuron lesions anywhere along the corticospinal tract.

A

Babinski’s sign

57
Q

Babinski’s sign is associated with ______ lesions anywhere along the corticospinal tract.

A

upper motor neuron

58
Q

What is the job of the spinothalamic tract?

A

pain and temperature transmission

59
Q

What is the job of the posterior columns?

A

vibration and position sense

60
Q

What is the job of the corticospinal tract?

A

motor

61
Q

Via what tract is motor sense relayed?

A

the corticospinal tract

62
Q

Via what tract are vibration and position sense relayed?

A

the posterior columns

63
Q

What tract relays info on pain and temperature?

A

the spinothalamic tract

64
Q

What is Lhermitte’s sign? What does it indicate?

A

shooting pain down one’s spine when asked to extend it = compression of spinal cord = cervical myelopathy/stenosis

65
Q

This is shooting pain down one’s spine when asked to extend it = compression of spinal cord = cervical myelopathy/stenosis

A

Lhermitte’s sign

66
Q

What is Spurling’s sign? What does it indicate?

A

shooting pain along a nerve root tractwhen pt is asked to rotate neck toward affected side = nerve root compression from neural foramen

67
Q

This is shooting pain along a nerve root tract when pt is asked to rotate neck toward affected side = nerve root compression from neural foramen.

A

Spurling’s sign

68
Q

What is Lasegue’s sign? What does it indicate?

A

shooting pain down territory of a nerve root when supine pt is asked to raise a straight leg and dorsiflex the ankle –> sciatic nerve stretches = foraminal stenosis compression on a nerve root

69
Q

This is a shooting pain down territory of a nerve root when supine pt is asked to raise a straight leg and dorsiflex the ankle –> sciatic nerve stretches = foraminal stenosis compression on a nerve root.

A

Lasegue’s sign

70
Q

What is the difference btw paresthesia and dysesthesia?

A

same, but dys = more unpleasant

71
Q

Above T1, the cervical nerve exits _____ its like #’d vertebrae.

A

above

72
Q

What cervical nerve exits below C7 and above T1?

A

C8

73
Q

Below T1, the nerve exits _____ its like #d vertebrae.

A

below

74
Q

What happens to an interruption of the pontine micturition center?

A

the bladder will contract against a closed sphincter –> reflux, kidney damage

75
Q

What part of the brain has control over voluntary micturition?

A

the frontal lobe

76
Q

What does a sacral spinal cord lesion do to micturition?

A

causes flaccid bladder

77
Q

What does a spinal cord lesion above S2-S4 do to micturition?

A

causes spastic bladder (think UMN)

aNeuro Exam 2- Lindsey's (23 decks)

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