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aNeuro Exam 2- Lindsey's > Overview of Sensory Systems and Receptors > Flashcards

Overview of Sensory Systems and Receptors Flashcards

1
Q

What are Aδ fibers?

A
  • 1-5 micrometers in diameter
  • 4-30 m/sec
  • sharp pain, cold temperature
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2
Q

Name the fiber type:

  • small, unmyelinated axons
  • 1 micrometer in diameter
  • average conduction velocity of 0.4-2 m/s
  • info about warm temperature, burning pain, itch, crude touch
A

C fibers

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3
Q

Some receptors, such as hair cells of the auditory system, respond to stimulation with ______.

A

an oscillatory change

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4
Q

What do muscle mechanoreceptors fire in response to?

A

stretch

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5
Q

Give 2 examples of a long sensory receptor.

A
  1. the somatosensory receptor cell
  2. skin mechanoreceptors
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6
Q

Name the fiber type:

  • 5-10 micrometers in diameter
  • 30-60 m/sec
  • mechanoreceptors of the skin
A

Aβ fibers

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7
Q

Give 6 examples of sensory modalities.

A
  1. vision
  2. hearing
  3. smell
  4. taste
  5. touch
  6. thermoreception
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8
Q

What are C fibers?

A
  • small, unmyelinated axons
  • 1 micrometer in diameter
  • average conduction velocity of 0.4-2 m/s
  • info about warm temperature, burning pain, itch, crude touch
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9
Q

What are the 5 attributes of a stimulus that sensory systems convey?

A
  1. modality
  2. intensity
  3. quality
  4. duration/frequency
  5. location
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10
Q

Auditory information is relayed through the _____ to the auditory cortex in the temporal lobe.

A

medial geniculate nucleus (MGN)

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11
Q

What is the role of the sensory receptor cell?

A

to convert one type of physical energy into a change in membrane potential and to transmit this information to a 2nd order nerve cell

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12
Q

Cells that hyperpolarize in response to stimulation have resting potentials that lie btw ____ and ____, generally _____.

A

0 and -70mV; typically -30 to -40 mV

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13
Q

What are the 3 main functions of sensory information?

A
  1. conscious sensation
  2. control of mvmt
  3. maintaining arousal
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14
Q

In receptor cells that respond to stimuli by hyperpolarization, increased stimuli intensity will cause the cell to _____.

A

become more hyperpolarized

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15
Q

Visual information is relayed through the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus to the _____.

A

visual cortex in the occipital lobe

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16
Q

Conscious appreciation of sensory modalities is determined by specific neuronal connections from sensory organs through the ____ to the _____.

A

thalamus; cerebral cortex

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17
Q

What kind of protein is rhodopsin?

A

a GPCR (7 transmembrane segments)

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18
Q

In ______ receptor cells (less than 0.1mm to 100 micrometers in length), the receptor potential spreads to the synaptic end of the cell by passive electronic transmission.

A

short sensory

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19
Q

What is the concept of labeled lines?

A

conscious appreciation of a sensory modality is determined by the specific neuronal connections from sensory organs through the thalamus to the cerebral cortex

20
Q

Increased conductance in the receptor causes the membrane potential to ____.

A

move towards 0mV

21
Q

What does metarhodopsin do?

A

it activates transducin

22
Q

Receptors that depolarize do so as a result of _____.

A

an increase in nonspecific cation conductance in the receptive area membrane

23
Q

Light causes rhodopsin to change into _____.

A

metarhodopsin

24
Q

Receptor potential increases in magnitude as the ______ of the stimulus increases.

A

intensity

25
Q

The selectivity of a receptor lies at the _____ level.

A

molecular

26
Q

What does transducin do?

A

it activates a cGMP phosphodiesterase enzyme leading to the breakdown of cGMP to guanosine

27
Q

In long sensory receptors (_____ in length), regenerative action potentials must be employed to carry info from the receptive ending to the synaptic release site.

A

greater than 0.1mm

28
Q

Visual information is relayed through the______ of the thalamus to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe.

A

lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)

29
Q

Receptor potential _____ in magnitude as the intensity of the stimulus ______.

A

increases; increases

30
Q

What is transduction?

A

the process of sensory input and transformation of info into a change in neuronal action potential

31
Q

What are Aβ fibers?

A
  • 5-10 micrometers in diameter
  • 30-60 m/sec
  • mechanoreceptors of the skin
32
Q

Give 2 examples of short sensory receptors.

A
  1. photoreceptor cells
  2. auditory hair cells
33
Q

In short sensory receptor cells (_____ in length), the receptor potential spreads to the synaptic end of the cell by passive electronic transmission.

A

less than 0.1mm to 100 micrometers

34
Q

_____ information is relayed through the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe.

A

Visual

35
Q

In short sensory receptor cells (less than 0.1mm to 100 micrometers in length), the receptor potential spreads to the synaptic end of the cell by _____.

A

passive electronic transmission

36
Q

What is the receptor protein in rod photoreceptors?

A

rhodopsin

37
Q

Name the fiber type:

  • 1-5 micrometers in diameter
  • 4-30 m/sec
  • sharp pain, cold temperature
A

Aδ

38
Q

What does decreased cGMP in the eye receptor do?

A

hyperpolarizes the photoreceptor cell –> NT release

39
Q

Which sensory system is an exception in that it does not have to travel through the thalamus on the way to its brain destination?

A

the olfactory system

40
Q

In ______ receptors (greater than 0.1mm in length), regenerative action potentials must be employed to carry info from the receptive ending to the synaptic release site.

A

long sensory

41
Q

______ information is relayed through the medial geniculate nucleus (MGN) to the auditory cortex in the temporal lobe.

A

Auditory

42
Q

Give an example of a receptor that hyperpolarizes upon stimulation.

A

rod photoreceptors

43
Q

In long sensory receptors (greater than 0.1mm in length), ______ must be employed to carry info from the receptive ending to the synaptic release site.

A

regenerative action potentials

44
Q

______ increases in magnitude as the intensity of the stimulus increases.

A

Receptor potential

45
Q

Auditory information is relayed through the medial geniculate nucleus (MGN) to the ______.

A

auditory cortex in the temporal lobe

aNeuro Exam 2- Lindsey's (23 decks)

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