Infectious Disease

Question 1

Complications of otitis media

Answer 1

Mastoiditis
Meningitis
Cholesteatoma
Rupture TM
chronic otitis media-- hearing loss-- speech and language delay

Question 2

Dx otitis media

Answer 2

1. Otoscope
   - red TM
   - bulging TM
   - loss light reflex
   - decrease TM mobility

Question 3

Tx OM

Answer 3

Ampicillin+ clav

Question 4

Causes OM

Answer 4

Strep pneumo
H Influ non typable
Moraxella catarrhalis

+ rsv para and Influ

Question 5

PC bronchiolitis

Answer 5

Low grade temp
Apnea
Cough
Rhinorrhea

PEAK- day 3/4

Tachypnea
Wheeze 
Crackles
Hyper resonant 
Prolonged respiration 
Intercostal retraction

Question 6

Dx bronchiolitis

Answer 6

Clinical
CXR
- hyperinflated
Atelectasis
Interstitial infiltrate 
EXCLUDE pneumonia

Nasopharyngeal aspirate

Question 7

Tx bronchiolitis

Answer 7

Supportive
+ contact isolation

NO STEROIDS

trial albuterol

Ribavarin

Palivizumab

Question 8

At risk for bronchiolitis

Answer 8

Preme
Less than 6 months 
Males 
Cardio-resp
Immunodeficiency

Question 9

Causes of bronchiolitis

Answer 9

RSV

+ para and Influ and metapneumovirus

Question 10

PC croup

Answer 10

PRODROME URI

SOB
inspiratory stridor
Hoarse voice
Barking cough

Question 11

Dx croup

Answer 11

1. Clinical

2. CXR- steeple sign

Question 12

Tx croup

Answer 12

Mild- fluid mist

Moderate

• oxygen
• IM or oral steroids
• neb race epinephrine

Severe- hospital
- neb race epi

Question 13

Causes croup

Answer 13

Parainfluenza

Influ, RSV, adenovirus

Question 14

PC epiglottitis

Answer 14

ACUTE
high temp
Drooling
Dysphagia
Cyanosis
Inspiratory retractions
Neck hyperextended 
Chin protrusion 
Tripod

Question 15

Dx epiglottitis

Answer 15

CLINICAL

secure airway BEFORE exam + anesthesiologist and otolaryngologist

Fibre optic cable

Lateral XR- thumb print sign

Question 16

Tx epiglottitis

Answer 16

ABCs and airway

Ceftriaxone or cefuroxime

Question 17

Causes epiglottitis

Answer 17

H Influ
Non typable H Influ
Strep

Viral

Question 18

PC bacterial meningitis

Answer 18

Headache
Nuchal rigidity
Fever
RICP
Papilledema
Cranial nerve palsies 
Petechia rash

Question 19

PRODROME viral meningitis

Answer 19

Fever
Sore throat
Fatigue

Question 20

PC meningitis newborn

Answer 20

Poor tone
Hypo or hyperthermia
Vomiting
Bulging funtanelles
Sun setting eyes

Question 21

Kernig sign

Answer 21

Reluctant knee E with hip F

Question 22

Bruzdinskis sign

Answer 22

Pain with passive flexion neck

Question 23

Dx meningitis

Answer 23

CT

LP

Question 24

Tx meningitis

Answer 24

Neonates- ampicillin and cefotaxime OR gentamicin

Kids- ceftriaxone and vanco

Viral encephalitis- acyclovir

Question 25

Causes meningitis neonates

Answer 25

GBS Listeria E. coli

Question 26

Causes meningitis infants

Answer 26

Strep pneumo N meningitidis H Influ

Question 27

No ceftriaxone in neonates

Answer 27

Biliary sludging | Kernicterus

Question 28

PC pertussis

Answer 28

Catarrhal- 1-2wks mild URI Paroxysmal- WHOOP 2-3 months Convalescent- wanes Post tussive emesis and apnea

Question 29

Dx pertussis

Answer 29

Lymphocytosis Culture

Question 30

Tx pertussis

Answer 30

HOSPITAL erythromycin

Question 31

PC otitis media

Answer 31

``` Ear pain Ear tugging Vomiting Diarrhea Crying Irritable Difficulty sleeping and feeding ```

Question 32

PC tracheitis

Answer 32

3 day PRODROME ``` Intermediate fever May have stridor Pseudo membrane Slower onset than epiglottitis Variable resp distress ```

Question 33

Cause tracheitis

Answer 33

Staph aureus after viral URI

Question 34

CXR tracheitis

Answer 34

Subglottic narrowing

Question 35

Retro pharyngeal abscess age

Answer 35

6 months 6 years

Question 36

PC retropharyngeal abscess

Answer 36

``` ACUTE FEVER Sore throat Unilateral Posterior pharynx mass Cervical LAD drooling ``` HOT POTATOE muffled voice

Question 37

Cause retro abscess

Answer 37

Group A beta strep S aureus Bacteroides

Question 38

Position relief Retro abscess

Answer 38

Supine neck extended

Question 39

Dx retro abscess

Answer 39

Lateral XR- soft tissue plane

Question 40

Peritonsillar abscess age

Answer 40

Greater than 10 yo

Question 41

PC peritonsillar abscess

Answer 41

Drooling Sore throat Trismus Uvula displaced OPPOSITE side Hot potatoe muffled voice

Question 42

Cause of peritonsillar abscess

Answer 42

Group A beta strep S aureus Strep pneumo Anaerobes

Question 43

Dx peritonsillar abscess

Answer 43

Clinical

Question 44

Tx of abscesses

Answer 44

Incise, aspirate, drain Antibiotics AND tonsillectomy (peritonsillar)

Question 45

Chickenpox PRODROME

Answer 45

Fever Anorexia Fatigue

Question 46

Complications chickenpox

Answer 46

5 Meningoencephalitis Pneumonia Hepatitis Secondary bacterial Reyes

Question 47

Complications varicella

Answer 47

Encephalopathy Aseptic meningitis GBS Cellulitis Arthritis TTP Pneumonitis

Question 48

PRODROME HFM

Answer 48

Fever Anorexia ORAL PAIN