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PAEDS SC1 > MIX STUFF > Flashcards

MIX STUFF Flashcards

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1
Q

Evoked oto acoustic emission

A

USED in new borns

looks at the cochlear function and if its nromal

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2
Q

Auditory brainstem response (ABR)

A

series of auditory stimuli - computed analysis of EEG waveforms

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3
Q

Age for distraction test

A

7-9 months

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4
Q

visual reinforcemnet audiometry

A

10-18 months

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5
Q

Discrimination test

A

18 - 4 months

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6
Q

When can u do audiometry

A

greater than 4 years

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7
Q

SHOCK

A 
Early vs. LATE 
Early 
- increase - heart and lung  
- Skin - decrease skin tugor, mottled , pale and cold  
- Sunken - eyes and fontelle 
- decrease urine output 
Late 
- ACIDOSIS - kusmaual brething 
- BRADYCARDIA 
Hypotensive 
Confusion
Blue pheriphery 
NO URINE OUTPUT
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8
Q

status epilepticus treatment

A

we know this is a seziure or multiple sezirues greater than 30 minutres or longer
Lorazepam IV or diazepam PR or midoazolam buccal
Paraldehyde in 10 minutes
Phenytonin
Phenobarbital
Thiopental
PCIU

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9
Q

what do you do if development is abnormal you want to

A

check bone age

pelvic ultrasound

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10
Q

what does short stature mean

A

2 centile below the normal height

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11
Q

Genetiic target centile

A

mean of the mom and dad THEN
Boys - + 7 cm (+/- 10cm)
Girls - 7cm (+/- 8.5cm

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12
Q

What thyroid condition causes short stature

A

Automimmune thyroiditis - growth failur and wieght gain

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13
Q

What chronic illness and chromosomal illness cuase short starture

A

Chomosomal

  • Turners
  • Downs
  • noon
  • Russell Silver Syndrome

Chronic
- celiac
chrons and
chronic renal failure

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14
Q

Laron syndrome

A

this is EXTREME short stature
Laron-type dwarfism, is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by an insensitivity to growth hormone (GH), usually caused by a mutant growth hormone receptor.
TREAT WITH IGF-1 (expensive but works)

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15
Q

abnormality in the SHOX

A

(short stature homobox) - located at the X chromosome and leads to short stature with skeletal abnormalities
Tuners - one SHOX MISSIN
Klienfielters - one additional SHOX - talller

You get one copy from each of your parents

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16
Q

syndromes ass . w/ tall stature

A 
long legged tall stature 
Merphan syndrom 
Homocystinuria 
klienfelters Syndrome 
Portionate tall stature at birth - marphans, hyperinsulinesim , beckwidt 
Sotos syndrome
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17
Q

Sotos syndrome

A

Large head and neck
facial characteristic
learning difficulties

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18
Q

secondary cause of tall stature

A

Hyperthyroidism
Excess sex steroids - percious puberty
Excess adrenal steroids
True Giatism (excess GH steroid)

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19
Q

when does posterior fontelle close

A

8 weeks

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20
Q

when does anterior fontelle close

A

12 - 18 months

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21
Q

causes of microcephaly

A 
below the 2nd centile 
-FAMILIA 
AR 
CONGENITAL INFECTION 
AQUIRED INSULT _ CP and seziure
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22
Q

MACROCEPHALY

A 
tall stature 
FAmiliaal 
Increase ICP 
Hydrocephalus 
Chronic subdural heamatoma 
Cerebral tumor 
NF 
Sotos syndrome 
CNS storage disorder (hurler syndrome
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23
Q

Assymetrical heads

A

Skull assymetry - results from an imblance

plagiocephaly - flat base from lying on head

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24
Q

Causes of prenicious puberty

A

GT dependent - central / true

  • Idiopathic / familial
  • CNS abnormalities (congenital, post irraiation, infection, sx or tumor )
  • hypothyroidism
GT non dependent 
- ovarian 
- testicular 
exogenous sex steroids 
Adrenal disease
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25
Treatment of prenicious puberty
GNRH dependent - GNRH analgous | GNRH independent - medoxyprogesterone , cypoterone acetate , testolactone , ketoconazole
26
age of premature breast development
6moths - 12 years
27
Adrenarche
Premature pubarche - BEFORE THE AGE of 8
28
Causes of delayed puberty
``` CONSTITUTIONAL LOW GNRH sections Systemic - CF , asthma , Chorns , organ failure HPA AXIS - panhypothyroidsm, isolated GH decreased, intercrnial tumor and kallamn syndrome AQUIRED HIGH GNRH SECTION - leinfelters and tuners - Steroids hormone or exzyme decrease Aquired ```
29
Treatment
MALEs oxandrolone (steroid) low dose IM testosterone FEmales - estradiol
30
MARASMUS
31
KWASHIOKOR
severe protein malnutrition w/ generalized edam - weight might not be severely reduced ``` - RASH - w/ hyperkeratosis Distended abdomen and enlarged liver Hair - spares and depigmented Diarrhea and hypoththermia and bradycardia Angular stomatitis Low plasma albumin and glucose ```
32
labs of rickets
calcium decrease or normal decrease phosphorus INCREASE alk phosphate Decrease 25 hydroxy D
33
Xray of rickets
Shows cupping Fraying of the metaphysis Widening o epiphyseal plate
34
clinical vitamin A
``` Complication of fat malabsorption Clinical - blindness eye damage (xerophthalmia - progress from ulceration to scarring Increase risk of infection ``` Treat HIGH DOSE vitA
35
failure to thrieve
fals across 2 centile lines | weight below 0.4centile
36
Dennie morgan folds
Fold below lower eyelid seen in allergies
37
how fast does a food allergy come on
TYPE 1 - IgE - fast --> 10-15 minutes
38
Causes of dealth in adolescent
INJURY and POISONING - 60% | Cancer 10%
39
what percentage of adolescent use contraception 1st time in intercourse
1/2
40
Organism for meningitis
Neonate - 3 months - Group B strep - Listeria E.coli 1 month - 6 year - N.meningitis - Strep pneumo - h.influnza >6 years - n. meningitis - strep pneumonia
41
Labs for bacterial vs. viral infection vs. TB
Bacterial - turbid CSF , increase polymorphs , Increase protein and decrease glucose Viral - clear CSF , increase lymphocytes, normal or Increase protein and normal glucose TB - trubid or clear CSF, high lymphocytes HIGH protein and LOW glucose
42
Criteria for Toxic Shock
``` Staphyloccouus or GAS FEVER > 39 Hypotension Diffuse Erythma macula rash ```
43
treatment of impitigo
MUPIROCIN
44
chicken pox complication
Necrotizing facititis
45
Person with chicken pox who fever goes away and then comes back
think | 2ndary bacterial infection
46
Age of RTA
5-9 and they are usually due to the children being the pedestrians
47
number 1 cause of death 1-14 years old
accidents and posioning
48
head injury in kids
Since their sutures have no fused --> if they get a extraadural or subdural bleed BEFORE neuro symptoms THEREFORE you will get a decrease hb and child becomes shocked
49
number 1 cause of burns in children
House fires
50
Scalds
child are scaled at lower temps bC skin is THIN
51
Treatment of burns
1. calculate the surface area of the burn -2. morphine - pain treat shock with IV fluids - plasma exchange Wound care - cover in CLING FILM - decrease infection TENTUS Removal of dead tissue and replace sterile dressing 2. plastics
52
Drowing in kids - who is more at risk
3 X more in MALES than girls Babies - bath Tolders - pools and lacks Older - pool, lakes , ssea
53
What type of water is better for near drowning
HYPOTHERMIA water is better because it prevents hypoxic brain injury (no diffence b/w fresh or salt water)
54
Chocking what to do
Cough - encourage - check airway No cough - unconcious - open airway concious - 5 back thrust and 5 thurst older - heimleck
55
treatment of dog bites
CO - AMOXICLAV
56
treatmet of lead posioning
D - penicillinase | EDTA - severe
57
clinical if child takes digoxin
arrythmias hyperkalemias Treat - activated charcol, ECG and digoxin
58
Button batteries
mild GI symptoms , esophageal stricture , perforation release of MURCURY
59
Treatment for Iron and clinical
``` Toxicity - > 60mg/kg DESFERIOXAMINE for chealtation Clincial - Initial : - vomitting , diarhea, melena, heamatemsis , gastric ulceration LATER - drowsiness , shock , coma and liver F ```
60
What happens if hild takes paracetomol
Gastric ulceration liver failure 3-5 days Treat - if > 150 mg/kg you want to give iV acelycystein
61
Salicylates clinical and treatment
tinnitus, deafness, N+V and dehydration 1st Resp ALKALSION 2nd MED ACIDODID Hypoglycemia
62
alcohol
CLinical: hypoglycemia coma and rsp failure | monitor blood glucose IV glucose and blood levels
63
when do you operate on hydrocele
if they persist past 18-24 months

PAEDS SC1 (13 decks)

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