Infectious Diseases

Question 1

What should you prescribe with quinine in malaria ?

Answer 1

Dextrose solution ( quinine is known to causes hypoglycaemia)

Question 2

Management of salmonella (typhoid)?

Answer 2

Ciprofloxacin

Question 3

Management of travellers diarrhoea?

Answer 3

Clarithromycin

Question 4

Most common cause of travellers diarrhoea?

Answer 4

E. Coli

Question 5

3 causes of bloody diarrhoea?

Answer 5

ACS
Amoebiosis
Campylobacter
Shigella

Question 6

CD4 count at which pneumocystis jirovecii usually occurs?

Answer 6

< 200

Question 7

Typhoid symptoms?

Answer 7

Rose spots, bradycardia, splenomegaly, constipation/diarrhoea

Question 8

What will stain positive in Acid Fast Bacilli smear?

Answer 8

All mycobacterium (not specific to TB)

Question 9

Presentation and CXR of pneumocystis jiroveci?

Answer 9

Desaturation on extertion
Normal CXR

Question 10

Features of amoebic dysentry?

Answer 10

Profuse bloody diarrhoea

Question 11

Amoebic liver abscess features and findings?

Answer 11

Usually single mass in R lobe
Contents are described as “anchovy sauce”
Fever and RUQ pain

Question 12

Amoebiasis?

Answer 12

Caused by entamoeba histolytica (protozoan)
Spread by feacal oral route

Question 13

Management of amebic dysentry?

Answer 13

Metronidazole

Question 14

Stool microscopy in amoebic dysentry?

Answer 14

May show Trophozoites if examined within 15 minutes and kept warm (‘hot stool’)

Question 15

Management of invasive amoebiasis?

Answer 15

Metronidazole and luminal amoebiocide to eradicate cystic stage which is resistant to metronidazole

Question 16

Most commonly isolated organism from animal bite?

Answer 16

Pasteurella multocida (but often polymicrobial)

Question 17

Management of animal bite?

Answer 17

Co-amoxiclav
If penicillin allergic: Metronidazole and doxycycline

Question 18

Campylobacter features?

Answer 18

Prodrome: headache, malaise
Diarrhoea: often bloody
Abdo pain: appendicitis mimic

Question 19

Management of campylobacter?

Answer 19

Usually self-limiting
Tx if severe or immunocompromised
First line: clarithromycin

Question 20

Post exposure prophylaxis in HIV?

Answer 20

4 weeks
Starting within 72 hours

Question 21

Diagnosis: HIV with neuro symptoms, multiple brain lesions with ring enhancement?

Answer 21

Toxoplasmosis

Question 22

What test should all patients with TB be offered?

Answer 22

HIV (TB is classed as an AIDS-defining illness)

Question 23

Positive antibody following previous Hep B immunisation?

Answer 23

Positive surface antibodies

Question 24

Presentation of cholera?

Answer 24

Profuse watery diarrhoea
Hypoglycaemia

Question 25

How is diagnosis of Lymes disease made?

Answer 25

Antibody titres for Borrelia burgdorferi

Question 26

What is antibodies titres for streptolysin O and investigation for?

Answer 26

Group A strep

Question 27

Features of early leptospirosis?

Answer 27

Bacteraemia lasting 1 week May be mild/subclinical Fever, flu-like symptoms Subconjunctival haemorrhage

Question 28

Features of second/immune phase (Weil's disease)?

Answer 28

AKI Hepatitis Aseptic meningitis

Question 29

Management of meningococcal septicaemia - what should you not give?

Answer 29

Dexamethasone

Question 30

Most common cause of diarrhoea in HIV?

Answer 30

Cryptosporidium

Question 31

Management of injury if 5 doses of tetanus and <10 years since last dose?

Answer 31

No requirement of immunoglobulin or immunisation

Question 32

Management of injury if 5 doses of tetanus vaccine and >10 years since last vaccine?

Answer 32

Reinforcing dose of vaccine and if high risk, immunoglobulin

Question 33

Warning signs in dengue fever?

Answer 33

Abdominal pain Hepatomegaly Vomiting (persistent) Clinical fluid accumulation

Question 34

Dengue fever symptoms?

Answer 34

Fever Headache (retro orbital) Bone pain Myalgia Pleuritic pain Facial flushing Maculopapular rash Petichaie

Question 35

Diagnosis of dengue fever?

Answer 35

Serology NAAT NSI antigen test