Orthopaedics

Question 1

Imaging in osteomyelitis?

Answer 1

MRI

Question 2

Genetic conditions predisposing to osteosarcoma?

Answer 2

Li-Fraumeni and retinoblastoma

Question 3

Where does Ewing’s sarcoma commonly affect?

Answer 3

Diaphysis of long bones

Question 4

Staging of bone tumours?

Answer 4

Enneking staging

Question 5

Investigations in bone tumours?

Answer 5

XR
MRI - soft tissue involvement
CT - cortical involvement

Question 6

Loss of fine motor function in UL?

Answer 6

Cervical myelopathy

Question 7

What is classically impaired in adhesive capsulitis?

Answer 7

External rotation

Question 8

Management of undisplayed intracapsular hip fracture?

Answer 8

Fit: Internal fixation
Unfit: hemiarthroplasty

Question 9

Management of displaced intracapsular hip fracture?

Answer 9

Total hip replacement if:
1. not cognitively impaired
2. medically fit for anaesthesia
3. able to walk independently outdoor with no more than a stick

Hemiarthroplasty if do not meet above criteria

Question 10

Management of stable extra capsular hip fracture (intertrochanteric)?

Answer 10

Dynamic hip screw

Question 11

Management of extra capsular hip fracture (reverse oblique, transverse or subtrochanteric)?

Answer 11

Intramedullary device

Question 12

Which location is a red flag in back pain?

Answer 12

Thoracic back pain

Question 13

Type of bone lesion in metastatic prostate cancer?

Answer 13

Sclerotic lesions

Question 14

Type of bone lesion in Paget’s disease and multiple myeloma?

Answer 14

Lytic lesions

Question 15

Rotator cuff tear?

Answer 15

Shoulder pain and weakness (exacerbated by overhead activities)
Loss of active ROM
Common in elderly (> 60)
May occur after minor trauma

Question 16

Investigation to carry out if osteoporosis in a man?

Answer 16

Testotsterone

Question 17

Where is interosseous access most commonly obtained?

Answer 17

Proximal tibia

Question 18

What should be corrected before starting bisphosphonates?

Answer 18

Vit D
Hypocalcaemia

Question 19

What is divided in surgical management of carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 19

Flexor Retinaculum

Question 20

What fractures are most associated with compartment syndrome?

Answer 20

Supracondylar and tibial shaft

Question 21

Management of fracture of proximal pole of scaphoid?

Answer 21

Surgical fixation

Question 22

Sign of a scaphoid fracture?

Answer 22

Pain on longitudinal compression of the thumb

Question 23

1st line Pharma management of back pain with no red flags?

Answer 23

NSAIDS

Do not offer paracetamol alone

Question 24

Pott’s fracture?

Answer 24

Forced foot eversion
Bimalleolar fracture

Question 25

Barton’s fracture ?

Answer 25

Distal radius fracture (Colle’s/Smith’s) with associated radiocarpal dislocation Fall onto extended, pronated wrist

Question 26

Galeazzi fracture?

Answer 26

Radial shaft fracture with associated dislocation of radioulnar joint Direct blow

Question 27

Monteggia’s fracture?

Answer 27

Dislocation if the proximal radioulnar joint in association with ulnar fracture Fall on outstretched hand with forced pronation Needs prompt management

Question 28

Bennett’s fracture?

Answer 28

Infra-articular fracture of the first carpometacarpal joint Impact on flexed metacarpal Caused by fist fights

Question 29

Condrocalcinosis on XR?

Answer 29

Linear calcification of articular cartilage

Question 30

Management of undisplayed scaphoid waist fracture?

Answer 30

Cast for 6-8 weeks

Question 31

What is a significant risk factor for avascular necrosis?

Answer 31

Previous chemotherapy

Question 32

DM is a risk factor for developing what shoulder condition?

Answer 32

Adhesive capsulitis

Question 33

Management of subluxation of radial head?

Answer 33

Passive supination of elbow joint whilst flexed at 90 degrees

Question 34

Lateral epicondylitis?

Answer 34

worse on resisted wrist extension/suppination whilst elbow extended

Question 35

Mutation in Marfan's?

Answer 35

Fibrilin

Question 36

Type A Weber fracture?

Answer 36

Below syndesmosis

Question 37

Type B Weber's fracture?

Answer 37

Originate at lad q tibial platform and may extend to involve syndesmosis

Question 38

Type C Weber's fracture?

Answer 38

Above syndesmosis (which may itself be damaged )

Question 39

Maisonneuve fracture?

Answer 39

Spiral fibra fracture which may lead to disruption of syndesmosis with widening of joint (surgery required)

Question 40

Associations with posterior shoulder dislocation?

Answer 40

Seizures / electric shock

Question 41

Associations with anterior shoulder dislocation?

Answer 41

Foosh

Question 42

Nerve at risk of injury in total hip replacement?

Answer 42

Sciatic nerve (unable to dorsiflex foot?)