Ophthalmology

Question 1

Which electrolyte abnormality is a risk factor for cataracts?

Answer 1

Hypocalcaemia

Question 2

Management in dry ARMD (slow progression of visual loss)?

Answer 2

High dose beta-carotene, vit C and E and zinc

Question 3

Associations with chronic uveitis (> 3 months)?

Answer 3

Sarcoidosis
TB
Syphilis
Lyme disease
Herpes virus

Question 4

Associations with scleritis?

Answer 4

SLE
RA
IBD
Wegner’s
Sarcoidosis

Question 5

RF for retinal detachment?

Answer 5

Myopia

Question 6

Holmes-Adie pupil?

Answer 6

Slow accommodation to reflex (light near association)
May be secondary ti viral or bacterial infection (damage to ciliary ganglion)

Question 7

Symptoms of vitreous haemorrhage?

Answer 7

Painless loss of vision with floaters and red hue
Worse on lying flat (blood pools in macula, worsening central vision)

Question 8

Definition of cotton wool spots?

Answer 8

Areas of retinal infarction

Question 9

CN responsible for ptosis?

Answer 9

CN 3

Question 10

Management of anterior uveitis?

Answer 10

Steroid and cycloplegic eye drops

Question 11

MOA of timolol?

Answer 11

Reduces aqueous secretion by the ciliary body

Question 12

Vision worse going down stairs (diplopia)?

Answer 12

trochlear nerve palsy

Question 13

How do you differentiate parietal and temporal lobe homonymous quadrinopia?

Answer 13

PITS
Parietal Inferior
Temporal Superior

Question 14

Investigation in wet ARMD?

Answer 14

Fluroscein angiography
(Can guide anti-VEGF therapy)

Question 15

How does latanoProst work?

Answer 15

Increases ureoscleral outflow

Question 16

Distinguishing craniopharyngioma and pituitary tumour in bitemporal hemianopia?

Answer 16

Upper quadrant = pituitary
Lower quadrant = craniopharyngioma