Infectious diseases Flashcards
(8 cards)
Names some risk factors of sepsis
Elderly (>75 years) and very young
(<1 year)
* Instrumentation or surgery
* Indwelling line or catheter
* Alcohol misuse
* Diabetes mellitus
* Breach of skin integrity – e.g.
wounds, burns
* Immunocompromise
* Medications – e.g. high-dose steroids,
chemotherapy
.IVDU
What is the sepsis 6?
Take blood cultures
Give oxygen- high flow oxygen 15L
Measure urine output- hourly
give Iv fluid
Give IV antibiotics
Take Lactate +haemoglobin serially
What is the most common causative agent of of infective endocarditis?
Staphyococci
What are some causes of a damage to the endothelium?
Congential heart disease
Prostectic valves
Rheumatic heart disease
Degenerative /calcific valves
Name some risk factors for Necrotising fasciitis
Skin injury including insect bite, trauma and open wounds
* Underlying conditions including alcohol abuse, intravenous drug
abuse, chronic liver or renal disease, diabetes, malignancy,
immunosuppression and possibly, tuberculosis
* Necrotising fasciitis in children may follow varicella-zoster infection
How are all patients managed with any type of bite?
ALL patients – need cleaning/debridement of wound
and ‘prophylactic’ Antibiotics (Co-Amoxiclav)
What is the difference between bacteraemia and septicaemia?
BACTERAEMIA VS SEPTICAEMIA
Bacteraemia
* Bacteraemia is the simple presence of
bacteria in the blood
* Bacteraemia is not as dangerous as
septicaemia
* Fewer bacteria are present in blood
* This may occur through a wound or
infection, or through a surgical procedure
or injection
* Toxins are not produced
* Bacteraemia usually causes no
symptoms or it may produce mild
fever
Septicaemia
* Septicaemia is the presence AND
multiplication of bacteria in the
blood
* Septicaemia is a potentially life-
threatening infection
* Large amounts of bacteria are
present in the blood
* It can arise from infections throughout
the body, including infections in the
lungs, abdomen, and urinary tract
* Toxins may be produced by bacteria
* Symptoms include chills, fever,
prostration, very fast respiration and/or
heart rate
How long do sutures remain in situ>
Head – 3 to 5 days
* Over joints, such as knees or elbows – 10 to 14
days
* Other parts of the body – 7 to 10 days
