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Master the boards: Pediatrics > Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the most common causes of sepsis in the first 3 months of life?

A

Group B Strep
E. Coli
S. Aureus
Listeria Monocytogenes

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2
Q

What are the most common causes of “Late” sepsis?

A

Staphylococci
E. Coli
Group B strep

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3
Q

How do you treat neonatal sepsis?

A

IV Fluids
Cx
Abx

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4
Q

What antibiotics are used to treat neonatal sepsis?

A

Ampicillin
Gentamicin
Cefotaxime

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5
Q

What is the #1 cause of Infectious Mononucleosis?

A

Ebstein-Barr Virus (EBV)

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6
Q

What population has the highest occurence of Infectious Mononucleosis?

A

Teens and young adults: especially those living together

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7
Q

How does Infectious Mononucleosis present?

A

Fever, Tonsillar Pharyngittis, and lymphadenopathy

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8
Q

What are common exam findings of Infectious Mononucleosis?

A

Splenomegaly
Palatal Petechiae
Cervical Lymphadenopathy

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9
Q

How do you diagnose Infectious MOnonucleois?

A

Clinicial

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10
Q

How do you confirm the diagnosis of Infectious Mononucleosis?

A

(+) Heterophile ab test

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11
Q

How do you treat Infectious Mononucleosis?

A

Supportive care: rash is seen in patients treated with empiric abx

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12
Q

What is a concern for patients with Infectious Mononucleosis?

A

Splenic Rupture: avoid contact sports for 3 weeks

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13
Q

What are the TORCH infections?

A

Toxoplasmosis
Other: syphillis
Rubella
CMV
Herpes

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14
Q

How Does Toxoplasmosis Present?

A

Chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus and multiple-ring enhancing lesions on CT

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15
Q

What is the best initial test for Toxoplasmosis?

A

Elevated IgM to toxolasma

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16
Q

What is the most accurate test for Toxoplasmosis?

A

PCR

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17
Q

How do you treat Toxoplasmosis?

A

Pyrimethamine and Sulfadiazine

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18
Q

How does Syphillis present?

A

Rash on the palms and soles snuffles
Frontal Bossing, Hutchinson teeth, 8th CN palsy and saddle nose

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19
Q

What is the best initial test for Syphillis?

A

VDRL or RPR

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20
Q

What is the most accurate test for Syphilis?

A

FTA ABS or Dark-field microscopy

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21
Q

What is the treatment for Syphillis?

A

Penicillin

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22
Q

How does Rubella Present?

A

PDA, Cataracts, deafness, blueberry muffin rash
Hepatosplenomegaly, Thrombocytopenia
Hyperbilirubinemia

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23
Q

How do you diagnose Rubella?

A

Maternal IgM with clinical diagnosis

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24
Q

How do you treat Rubella?

A

Supportive

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25
How does CMV present?
Periventricular calcifications with microencephaly chorioreninitis, hearing loss petechiae
26
What is the best initial test for CMV?
Urine or salive viral titers
27
What is the most accurate test for CMV?
urine or Saliva PCR for Viral DNA
28
What is the treatment for CMV?
Ganciclovir with signs of end organ damage
29
How does Herpes present?
Week1: Shock and DIC Week2: vascular Skin lesions Week3: Encephalitis
30
What is the most accurate test for Herpes?
PCR
31
What is the treatment for Herpes?
Acyclovir
32
What Causes Varicella?
Varicella Zoster virus
33
How does Varicella Present?
multiple highly pruritic vesicular rash that begins on the face possible fever and malaise
34
Where does the rash start in Varicella?
on the fact
35
What is the most accurate test for Varicella?
PCR
36
How do you treat Varicella?
Acyclovir if severe
37
What causes Rubeola (measles)?
Paramyxovirus
38
How does Rubeola (Measles) present?
3 C's: Cough, Coryza and Conjunctivitis with Koplik spots
39
How is Rubeola (Measles) diagnosed?
Clinical diagnosis
40
What is the most accurate tests for Rubeola (Measles)?
IgM Ab
41
How do you treat Rubeola (Measles)?
Supportive care
42
What caused 5th disease (erythema infectiosum)?
Parvovirus B19
43
How does 5th diease (Erythema Infectiosum) present?
Starts with fever and URI then progresses to a rash with "slapped cheek" appearance
44
How does the rash in 5th disease (Erythema Infectiosum) present?
Slapped cheek appearance
45
How do you diagnose 5th disease (Erythema Infectiosum)?
Clinical Diagnosis
46
How do you treat 5th Disease (Erythema Infectiosum)?
Supportive care
47
What causes Roseola?
Herpesvirus Types 6 and 7
48
How does Roseola Present?
fever and URI progressing to a diffuse rash
49
How do you diagnose Roseola?
Clinical Diagnosis
50
How do you treat Roseola?
Supportive care
51
What causes Mumps?
Paramyxovirus
52
How does Mumps present?
Fever preceeding a classic parotid gland swelling with possible orchitis
53
How do you diagnose Mumps?
Clinical Diagnosis
54
How do you treat Mumps?
Supportive Care
55
What is Scarlet Fever?
Diffuse erythematous eruption concurrent with pharyngitis
56
What causes Scarlet Fever?
Erythrogenic toxin from Streptococcus Pyogenes
57
What are the typical symptoms of Scarlet fever?
Fever, Pharyngitis Sandpaper rash over trunk and extremities Stawberry tongue Cervical Lymphadenopathy
58
How do you describe the rash in scarlet fever?
Sandpaper like rash over the trunk and extremities
59
How do you diagnose Scarlet Fever?
Clinical diagnosis
60
What can you use to correlate the severity of scarlet fever?
Elevated ASO titer, ESR and CPR
61
How do you treat Scarlet Fever?
Antibiotics
62
What antibiotics are commonly used for Scarlet fever?
Penicillin' Azithromycin Cephalosporins
63
What is a Retropharyngeal Abscess?
Deep neck-space infection
64
What is the most common cause of a retropharyngeal abscess?
Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococci
65
What is a potential complication of Retropharyngeal Abscess?
Airway compromise: life-threatening emergency
66
How does a Retropharyngeal abscess commonly present?
Decreased or painful ROM of the neck or jaw Muffled "hot potato" Voice Deviated Uvula
67
What can be used to distinguish between an abscess and cellulitis?
CT of the neck
68
What is the best initial treatment for a retropharyngeal abscess?
Incise, drain and send fluid for Cx with empiric abx while awaiting results
69
What antibiotics are given while awaiting the Cx results in a retropharyngeal abscess?
Ampicillin-sulbactam

Master the boards: Pediatrics (13 decks)

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