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Master the boards: Pediatrics > Management of the Newborn > Flashcards

Management of the Newborn Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

When are APGAR scores measured?

A

1 and 5 minutes

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2
Q

What does the APGAR score at 1 minute indicate?

A

Conditions during labor and delivery

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3
Q

What does the APGAR score at 5 minutes indicate?

A

Response to resuscitative efforts

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4
Q

What are the 5 components of the APGAR score?

A

Appearance
Pulse
Grimace
Activity
Respiration

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5
Q

What is a 0 for Appearance?

A

Blue all over

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6
Q

What is a 1 for Appearance?

A

Blue extremities

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7
Q

What is a 2 for Appearance?

A

Pink all over

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8
Q

What is a 0 for Pulse?

A

<60bpm or Asystole

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9
Q

What is a 1 for Pulse?

A

Pulse between 60 and 100bpm

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10
Q

What is a 2 for Pulse?

A

> 100bpm

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11
Q

What is a 0 for Grimace?

A

No reflex irritability

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12
Q

What is a 1 for Grimace?

A

Grimace/feeble cry

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13
Q

What is a 2 for Grimace?

A

Sneeze/cough

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14
Q

What is a 0 for Activity?

A

No muscle tone

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15
Q

What is a 1 for Activity?

A

some flexion

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16
Q

What is a 2 for activity?

A

Active movement

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17
Q

What is a 0 for Respiration?

A

No breathing

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18
Q

What is a 1 for Respiration?

A

Weak or irregular breathing

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19
Q

What is a 2 for Respiration?

A

Strong breathing

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20
Q

Most likely cause of Conjunctivitis 1 day after deliver?

A

Chemical Irritation

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21
Q

Most likely cause of Conjunctivitis 2-7 days after delivery?

A

Neisseria Gonorrhoeae

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22
Q

Most likely cause of Conjunctivitis >7 days after delivery?

A

Chlamydia Trachomatis

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23
Q

Most likely cause of Conjunctivitis >3 weeks after delivery?

A

Herpes Infection

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24
Q

What eye drops are given to a newborn?

A

Erythromycin ointment

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25
What is given at birth to prevent Vitamin K deficient bleeding?
1x IM dose of Vitamin K
26
What do newborns have a deficiency in vitamin K?
colonic flora is not adequately colonized to produce vitamin K
27
What clotting factors are decreased with vitamin K deficiency?
Factors II, VII, IX, X and Protein C and Protein S
28
What disorders are newborns screened for prior to discharge?
PKU Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Biotinidase Beta Thalassemia Galactosemia Hypthyroidism Homocystinuria Cystic Fibrosis
29
What is G6PD deficiency?
XLR disease leading to hemolytic crisis
30
How is G6PD deficiency treated?
Reducing oxidative stress and specialized diets
31
What is Phenylketonuria (PKU)?
AR deficiency in the enzyme PAH that leads to intellectual disability
32
How is PKU treated?
special diet low in phenylalanine for at least the first 16 years of life
33
What is Galactosemia?
Genetic disease inhibiting normal metabolism of galactose and results in cataracts
34
How is Galactosemia treated?
Cut out all lactose-containing products
35
What is Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia?
AR disorders resulting in errors in steroidogenesis
36
How is Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia treated?
Mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoid replacement
37
What is Cystic Fibrosis?
Autosomal disorder that results in abnormally thick mucus
38
What is the best initial test to diagnose Cystic fibrosis?
Sweat Chloride
39
What is the most accurate test to diagnose Cystic Fibrosis?
Genetic analysis of the CFTR Gene
40
What children get the HBV vaccine at birth?
All of them
41
What children get HBV Ig at birth?
Children born to HBsAG (+) mothers
42
What is Transient Polycythemia of the Newborn?
Hypoxia during delivery stimulates EPO to increase circulating RBCs -first breath will increase O2 and decrease EPO and normalize Hgb Splenomegaly is a normal finding in newborn
43
What is Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn?
Newborns who are delivered via C-Section may have excess fluid in the lungs and become hypoxic -normal vaginal birth causes compression of rib cage which helps remove fluid from lungs
44
What causes Transient Hyperbilirubinemia?
Infants's spleen removing excess RBC that carry HgbF -causes physiological release of Hgb and increased Bilirubin
45
How does a Thyroglossal Duct Cyst present?
Midline mass that moves with swallowing and becomes symptomatic after an URI Tract between the foramen cecum and base of the neck
46
How does a Dermoid Cyst present?
Midline cystic mass with trapped epithelial debris does not change with tongue movement or saying "ahh"
47
How does a Branchial cleft cyst present?
Inferior to the angle of the mandible and anterior to the SCM
48
How does a Macrocystic Lymphatic Malformation (Cystic Hygroma) present?
Translucent, soft mass covered by normal skin associated with Down Syndrome
49
How does a Thymic cyst present?
Midline between the angle of the mandible and midline of the neck
50
What is the most common intraocular Malignancy of childhood?
Retinoblastoma
51
How does Retinoblastoma typically present?
Leukocoria (White reflex) in a child <3 years of age
52
How is Retinoblastoma Diagnosed?
Dilated indirect ophthalmoscopic exam showing a chalky, off-white retinal mass with a soft, friable consistency
53
What is biopsy avoided in suspected Retinoblastoma?
Risks seeding
54
How is retinoblastoma treated?
Local and Systemic Chemotherapy Cryotherapy Laser Photocoagulation Surgical Enucleation
55
What neonatal abnormality is associated wit ACE Inhibitors?
Craniofacial abnormalities
56
What neonatal abnormality is associated with Anesthetics?
Respiratory and CNS depression
57
What neonatal abnormality is associated with Barbiturates?
Respiratory and CNS Depression, Dilated Pupils Vitamin K deficiency with phenoparbital
58
What Neonatal abnormality is associated with Diethylstilbestrol (DES)?
Clear-cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina or cervix
59
What neonatal abnormality is associated with Isotretinoin?
facial and ear anomalies, congenital heart disease
60
What neonatal abnormality is associated with Mg sulfate?
Respiratory Depression
61
What neonatal abnormality is associated with NSAIDs?
Premature closure of the Ductus Arteriosus
62
What neonatal abnormality is associated with Phenytoin?
Hypoplastic nails, typical facies, IUGR
63
What neonatal abnormality is associated with sulfonamides?
Displaces bilirubin from albumin
64
What neonatal abnormality is associated with Tetracycline?
Enamel Hypolasia, Discolored teeth
65
What neonatal abnormality is associated with Valproate/Carbamazepine?
Intellectual disability, neural tube defects
66
What neonatal Abnormality is associated with warfarin?
Facial Dysmorphisim and chondrodysplasia, bone stippling

Master the boards: Pediatrics (13 decks)

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