Neurologic Conditions

Question 1

What drugs are used for acute seizure?

Answer 1

Lorazepam or Diazepam (rectally)

Question 2

What drug is used to chronic absence seizures?

Answer 2

Ethosuximide

Question 3

What are common EEG findings for Absence Seizures?

Answer 3

3 per second spike and generalized wave discharge

Question 4

What is the first line treatment for absence seizures?

Answer 4

Ethosuximide

Question 5

What is an alternative treatment for absence seizures?

Answer 5

Valproic acid

Question 6

what are the classic features of Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (JME)?

Answer 6

Jerky mvmt in the morning: onset around adolescence

Question 7

What does JME appear on EEG?

Answer 7

Irregular spike and wave pattern

Question 8

What is the first line treatment for JME?

Answer 8

Valproic acid

Question 9

What are the common features of Simple Febrile Seizures?

Answer 9

Generalized tonic-clonic <10minutes with rapid onset high fever age 9 moths to 5 years

usually a positive family hx

Question 10

How do you manage simple febrile seizures?

Answer 10

evaluate for meningitis

Control fever

Question 11

What is west syndrome (infantile Spasms)?

Answer 11

infantile spasms in 1st year of life: clusters of mixed flexor/extensor spasms of trunk and extremities

brief intervals between spasms

75% have underlying CNS disorder (Downs most common)

Question 12

What is seen on EEG for West syndrome?

Answer 12

Hypsarrhythmia: high-voltage slow waves irregularly interspersed with spikes and sharp waves

Question 13

How do you treat West Syndrome?

Answer 13

ACTH, Prednisone, Vigabatrin, B6

Question 14

What is seen on EEG for Partial Seizure?

Answer 14

Spike and sharp waves or multifocal spikes

Question 15

What is the first line treatment for partial seizures?

Answer 15

Carbamazepine and Valproic acid

Question 16

What is seen on EEG for Generalized Seizures?

Answer 16

Anterior temporal lobe shows sharp waves or focal spikes

Question 17

What is the first line treatment for Generalized seizures?

Answer 17

Valproic acid

Question 18

What is the most common hereditary ataxia?

Answer 18

Friedrich ataxia

Question 19

What is Friedrich ataxia characterized by?

Answer 19

Neurologic dysfunction and cardiomyopathy

Question 20

What are the most common causes of death in Friedrich ataxia?

Answer 20

Heart failure and arrhytmia

Question 21

What are the key findings seen in Freidrich ataxia?

Answer 21

Cerebellar ataxia
Spinocerbellar tract degeneration in the lower extremities
Deformity of feet and high plantar arches
Concentric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy visible on EKG

Question 22

How Does cerebellar ataxia present in Friedrich ataxia?

Answer 22

Wide-based gait with constant shifting of position to maintain balance

Question 23

How does Spinocerebellar tract degeneration present in Friedrich ataxia?

Answer 23

Loss of vibratory senses and position sense in the lower extremities

Question 24

How do you diagnose Friedrich ataxia?

Answer 24

Clinically + genetic test to confirm

Question 25

What is seen on MRI for Friedrich ataxia?

Answer 25

Atrophy of the cervical spinal cord and cerebellum

Question 26

What is Cerebral Palsy?

Answer 26

Complex set of motor dysfunction disorders resulting from CNS damage most commonly in utero or in 1st 2 years

Question 27

What are the 2 major types of Cerebral palsy?

Answer 27

Spastic: spastic paresis of multiple limbs Dyskinetic: Choreoathetoic, dystonic, ataxic movements

Question 28

How do you manage Cerebral Palsy?

Answer 28

Pharmacologic for spasticity : baclofen, botox PT, brace and surgery to improve function Speech therapy Special education Social and Psychological support

Question 29

What drugs are commonly used in Cerebral Palsy to improve spasticity?

Answer 29

Baclofen and Botox injections