Infertility Flashcards
unexplained failure to conceive over a […]-year period.
2
couple stands an […]% chance of conceiving within 1 year if:
The woman is <[…]
They do not use contraception
They have […] […]
The overall probability increases to […]% if considered over 2 years.
couple stands an 80% chance of conceiving within 1 year if:
The woman is <40yo
They do not use contraception
They have regular intercourse
The overall probability increases to 90% if considered over 2 years.
Factors affecting natural fertility
[…] age
[…]
Smoking
[…]-fitting […] (males)
Excessive […] consumption
[…] […] use
[…] […] use
Factors affecting natural fertility
Increasing age
Obesity
Smoking
Tight-fitting underwear (males)
Excessive alcohol consumption
Anabolic steroid use
Illicit drug use
Genetic causes
[…] syndrome ([…])
[…] syndrome ([…])
Genetic causes
Turner’s syndrome (XO)
Kleinfelter’s syndrome (XXY)
[…]/[…] disorders
[…] […] […]
[…] tumours
[…] syndrome (pituitary infarction due to haemorrhagic shock during labour)
[…]prolactinaemia
Cushing’s syndrome
Premature […] failure
Ovulation/endocrine disorders
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Pituitary tumours
Sheehan’s syndrome (pituitary infarction due to haemorrhagic shock during labour)
Hyperprolactinaemia
Cushing’s syndrome
Premature ovarian failure
Tubal abnormalities
Congenital […] abnormalities
Adhesions following […] […] […]- secondary to […] or […]
Tubal abnormalities
Congenital anatomical abnormalities
Adhesions following pelvic inflammatory disease - secondary to chlamydia or gonorrhoea
Uterine abnormalities
Bicornate uterus
Fibroids
Asherman’s syndrome (adhesions of the uterus)
Uterine pathology
Endometriosis
Cervical damage
after biopsy or LLETZ
Testicular disorders
[…]
[…]
[…] cancer
[…] […] defects
Testicular disorders
Cryptorchidism
Varicocele
Testicular cancer
Congenital testicular defects
Ejaculatory disorders
Obstruction of the […] system (either congenital or acquired)
Disorders of […] e.g. […] […], […] ejaculation
Ejaculatory disorders
Obstruction of the ejaculatory system (either congenital or acquired)
Disorders of ejaculation e.g. retrograde ejaculation, premature ejaculation
Semen analysis
After a minimum of […] days and a maximum of […] days abstinence. The sample needs to be delivered to the lab within 1 hour
Normal semen results
volume > 1.5 ml
pH > […]
sperm concentration > […] million / ml
morphology > 4% normal forms
motility > […]% progressive motility
vitality > […]% live spermatozoa
Semen analysis
After a minimum of 3 days and a maximum of 5 days abstinence. The sample needs to be delivered to the lab within 1 hour
Normal semen results
volume > 1.5 ml
pH > 7.2
sperm concentration > 15 million / ml
morphology > 4% normal forms
motility > 32% progressive motility
vitality > 58% live spermatozoa
