Inflammation

Question 1

what is the response of the living tissue to injury

Answer 1

inflammation

Question 2

what is the function of inflammation

Answer 2

eliminate the inciting cause and rid the area of debris and initiate healing

Question 3

what are some causes of inflammation

Answer 3

pathogenic organisms
poisons and toxins
mechanical and thermal injuries
immune reactions and hypersensitivies

Question 4

what pathogen would you expect to find in an abscess

Answer 4

bacteria

Question 5

what pathogen would you expect to find big nodules walled off from the body

Answer 5

fungi

Question 6

what pathogen would you expect to find in purulent nasal discharge

Answer 6

virus

Question 7

what are the cardinal signs of inflammation

Answer 7

redness
heat
swelling
pain
decreased function

Question 8

what is rubor

Answer 8

redness

Question 9

what is calor

Answer 9

heat

Question 10

what is tumor

Answer 10

swelling

Question 11

what is dolar

Answer 11

pain

Question 12

what is functio laesa

Answer 12

decreased function

Question 13

what are the 5 steps in the vascular response during inflammation

Answer 13

1. vasodilation
2. increased vascular permeability
3. change in blood flow
4. leukocyte margination, rolling and adhesion
5. leukocyte emigration

Question 14

what is the cause for vasodilation and increased vascular permeability

Answer 14

change in blood flow

Question 15

what results in increased blood flow first to arterioles then capillaries, then venules

Answer 15

vasodilation

Question 16

what is vasodilation initiated predominantly by

Answer 16

histamine
bradykinin

Question 17

why is vasodilation beneficial to the inflammatory response

Answer 17

brings nutrients, O2, WBCs ect.

Question 18

true or false:
the mechanism for increased permeability varies depending on the type of injury

Answer 18

true

Question 19

what are the causes of increased vascular permeability

Answer 19

1. increased hydraulic pressure
2. physiologic response due to chemical mediators
3. direct damage to blood vessels
4. damage from responding to WBCs

Question 20

what is the result of the interaction of the epithelium of a blood vessel and a chemical mediator

Answer 20

widened inter-cellular gap junction in the epithelium

Question 21

in what tissues is it common to find damage to vessels from WBCs

Answer 21

lung and glomeruli

Question 22

which hemorrhage is caused by RBCs escaping through the widened cellular junctions

Answer 22

hemorrhage by diapedesis

Question 23

true or false:
damaged or ruptured vessels can cause hemorrhage of RBCs by a physiologic response

Answer 23

false
it is not considered a physiologic response - it is due to trauma

Question 24

what varies depending on the severity

Answer 24

location of vascular permeability

Question 25

describe mild injury resulting in leakage of post capillary venules

Answer 25

transient and monophasic mediated by histamine and serotonin

Question 26

describe moderate injury results in leakage of post capillary venules + capillaries

Answer 26

biphasic, immediate and lasts minutes to days mediated by kinin, prostaglandins and leukotrienes

Question 27

describe severe injury results in leakage of post capillary venules + capillaries + arterioles

Answer 27

biphasic, prolonged and sustained response mediated by kinin, prostaglandin, leukotrienes, histamine, serotonin

Question 28

true or false: there is a change in blood flow during inflammation by the slowing of blood at the site of injury

Answer 28

true

Question 29

what is the result of blood stagnation from the slowing of blood flow

Answer 29

margination

Question 30

what 4 things are used by the leukocytes for adhesion

Answer 30

selectins integrins cadherins immunoglobulins

Question 31

what is the active process / stasis of blood occurs after fluid has already left the leaky blood vessel

Answer 31

inflammation

Question 32

what is the passive process / stasis of blood flow occurs from decreased outflow resulting in increased hydraulic pressure which causes fluid to leave the blood vessel

Answer 32

congestion