Inflammation 2- Repair

Question 1

Why are the mediators of inflammation and neutrophils short lived.

Answer 1

Inflammation can damage healthy cells, so a short life span of mediators and neutrophils prevents unnecessary damage to tissues.

Question 2

What are the factors that affect response to injury?

Answer 2

1. Site of injury 2. Type of injury. 3. Duration of injury.

Question 3

What is resolution?

Answer 3

Complete restoration of tissue to normal after removal of inflammatory components.

Question 4

What are the conditions needed for resolution?

Answer 4

1. Minimal cell death. 2. Tissue needs capacity to repair. 3. Good vascular supply. 4. Injurious agent easily removed.

Question 5

What is suppuration?

Answer 5

Formation of pus- contains dead, living cells. Neutrophils, bacteria, inflammatory debris. Also called Abcess. if pus is walled off and contained in a structure- empyema.

Question 6

What is organisation?

Answer 6

Repair that requires a scaffolding around it.

Happens if- injury produces lots of necrosis or fibrin around it that cant be easily cleared.

Ulcer formation is an example

Question 7

When does organisation take place?

Answer 7

• If injury produces lots of necrosis and fibrosis that cant be easily cleared.
• Poor blood supply.
• Mucosa where damage goes beyond basement membrane favours repair by organisation and repair not resolution.

Question 8

What is the response to injury in tissues that cant be fully recovered?

Answer 8

Granulation tissue formation- Deposition of collagen and smooth muscle cells.

Question 9

What are the effects of scarring and fibrosis?

Answer 9

Loss of function of the affected tissue/cells

Question 10

What is scarring the liver called? what are the effects?

Answer 10

Cirhossis. Loss of function. Cant remove toxins or make proteins. Large volume of blood flows through liver (vascular disturbances).

Question 11

What factors favour chronic inflammation? (5)

Answer 11

• Suppuration. Walled off pus.
• Scarring. -
• Persistence of injury. Foreign material. Keratin
• Type of injury- Autoimmune. Transplant rejection
• Infectious agent. Virus, persistent infection

Question 12

Which WBCs characterise chronic inflammation?

Answer 12

Lymphocytes. Macrophages.

Question 13

What happens in cheesy TB?

Answer 13

Caseous necrosis, lungs covered in cheese.

Question 14

What is a granuloma?

Answer 14

Inflammation, connection of macrophages and giant nuclear cells. Endogenous- bone, keratin Exogenous- talc, asbestos, suture material.

Question 15

Common causes of granuloma?

Answer 15

Infection Parasites Worms Syphillus Mycobateria (tb)