Neoplasia 4 Flashcards
(19 cards)
Malignant lesions have a regular shape. T/F?
False- irregular shape
What is the N:C ratio?
Size of the nucleus compared to that of the cytoplasm
High N:C ratio- malignancy
Carcinoid are tumours found in the _
Epithelium
Adenoma/adenocarcinoma are _ malignancies.
Glandular
Papilloma and Small cell cancers affect _ cells
Squamous
Transitional cell carcinoma affect the _.
Bladder
Malignant lesions of mesenchyme (connective tissues) are known as _ .
Sarcomas
Fat tumours (Lipoma) are usually malignant. T/F?
False- normally benign
If malignant- Liposarcoma
Malignancy of the bone is known as _
Osteoma
If cartilage affected = Chondro (endochondroma)
Malignant skeletal muscle is known as _
Rhabdo- rare
Rhabdomyoma, rhabdosarcoma.
Smooth muscle malignancy has the prefix _
Leio- Leiomyeoma (common but benign)
Malignancy of the CNS are known as _
Gilomas
Malignancy of nerve
- Neurofibroma
- Schwannoma
Malignant- malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour
Malignancy of blood vessels?
- Heamangioma
Malignant- angiosarcoma
Common melanocytic tumour?
Melanoma
Tumours of the blood are always malignant. T/F?
True- already systemic
Common blood malignancies?
- Leukaemia
2. Lymphoma
What is the TNM staging for cancer?
Tumour size Tx- cant be determined Tis- carcinoma in situ T0- no sign of tumour T1-4: relative tumour size
Nodal spread Nx- cant be determined N0- no lymph node spread N1- spread to small regional nodes N2- middle of n1 and n3 N3- spread to distal, numerous and large nodes
Metastasis
M0 no distant metastasis
M1- metastasis to distal organs
What does a high/ low grade tumour mean?
- Low grade- cells well differentiated
2. High- tumour cells poorly differentiated
