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Gen Pathology- PCCF tri 2 > inflammation - exam 1 > Flashcards

inflammation - exam 1 Flashcards

(100 cards)

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1
Q

inflammation

A

bodys innate response to injury. accumulation of fluid + WBCs

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2
Q

acute inflammation

A

rapid onset + short lived. 1-3 week duration

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3
Q

chronic inflammation

A

slow onset, long lived, tissue damage, symptoms appear late. 6+ week duration

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4
Q

inflammatory edema

A

excess fluid in extravascular space. Direct result of inflammation

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5
Q

types of inflammatory edema

A

exudate + transudate

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6
Q

exudate

A

high protein content, cloudy appearance, many cells

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7
Q

examples of exudate

A

ophthalmia neonatorum, neisseria gonorrhoea, strep throat

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8
Q

types of exudate

A

serous, purulent, + fibrinous

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9
Q

serous exudate

A

clear yellow appearance (ex: TB)

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10
Q

purulent exudate

A

thick yellow pus (ex: ophthalmia neonatorum)

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11
Q

fibrinous exudate

A

“bread + butter” (ex: rheumatic fever, strep throat, strep pneumonia)

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12
Q

transudate

A

low protein content, clear appearance, few cells, low specific gravity

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13
Q

examples of transudate

A

tuberculosis

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14
Q

is exudate or transudate ONLY inflammatory

A

exudate

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15
Q

effusion

A

accumulation of excess fluid in specific cavity

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16
Q

what are the physical causes of inflammation

A

mechanical, heat, cold, radiation

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17
Q

examples of mechanical causes of inflammation

A

trauma

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18
Q

examples of heat causes of inflammation

A

burns

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19
Q

examples of cold causes of inflammation

A

frost bite

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20
Q

examples of radiation causes of inflammation

A

burns

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21
Q

what are the chemical factors that cause inflammation

A

alcohol, paraffin inhalation, endotoxins, exotoxins

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22
Q

examples of alcohol causes of inflammation

A

alcoholic hepatitis

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23
Q

examples of paraffin inhalation causes of inflammation

A

aspiration pneumonia

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24
Q

examples of endotoxins causes of inflammation

A

toxic shock syndrome

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25
examples of exotoxins causes of inflammation
diphtheria
26
what are the ischemic causes of inflammation related to
ischemia, hypoxia, anoxia
27
ischemia
lack of blood supply
28
hypoxia
oxygen deprivation
29
anoxia
absence of oxygen
30
what are the infectious causes of inflammation
viral, bacterial, fungal, + parasitic
31
what are the immunological causes of inflammation
allergies (type 1), cytotoxic (type 2), immune complex (type 3), + delayed (type 4)
32
examples of type 1 immunological causes of inflammation
allergies
33
examples of type 2 immunological causes of inflammation
cytotoxic
34
examples of type 3 immunological causes of inflammation
reaction to immune complex formation
35
examples of type 4 immunological causes of inflammation
rash from poison ivy
36
what are the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation
rubor, dolor, calor, tumor, function laesa
37
rubor
redness
38
examples of rubor
vasodilation caused by histamine
39
dolor
pain
40
examples of dolor
kallikrein + bradykinin
41
calor
heat
42
examples of calor
increased vascularity due to histamine/serotonin
43
tumor
swelling
44
examples of tumor
increased vascular permeability
45
function laesa
loss of function
46
hemodynamic changes
vascular response
47
vasoconstriction step of hemodynamic changes
quick, last just a few seconds
48
vasodilation step of hemodynamic changes
mediated by histamine, bradykinin, + prostaglandins
49
histamine role in hemodynamic changes
mast cell degranulation
50
bradykinin role in hemodynamic changes
vasodilator. 10x more potent than histamine
51
prostaglandins role in hemodynamic changes
action of phospholipase on a membrane phospholipid
52
hyperemia step of hemodynamic changes
causes rubor + calor. the result
53
pleural effusion
excess fluid between parietal + visceral pleura
54
pericardial effusion
excess fluid between 2 layers of pericardium
55
joint effusion
fluid accumulation in joint
56
ascites
excess fluid between 2 layers of peritoneum
57
what cells are the first line of defense in phagocytosis
neutrophils
58
what cells are the second line of defense in phagocytosis
monocytes
59
margination
WBCs moving to the edge of the blood vessel
60
what triggers margination
blood flow reduction
61
rolling cellular response
roll on endothelial cells
62
what triggers rolling
reduced blood flow
63
adhesion cellular response
stick to endothelial cells
64
what triggers adhesion
immunoglobulins, integrins, + selectins
65
transmigration cellular response
WBCs move out of the blood vessel
66
what triggers transmigration
diapedesis
67
what is the role of chemical mediators in response to inflammation
to initiate and/or enhance an inflammatory response
68
What are 3 systems plasma derived mediators use in response to inflammation?
kinin system, complement system, coagulation system
69
kinin system effect
pain + vasodilation
70
what triggers the kinin system
hageman factor (factor XII)
71
what triggers the complement system
factor XII
72
what triggers the coagulation system
factor XII
73
complement system effect
vasodilation, chemotaxis, opsonization, lysis
74
coagulation system effect
adhesion, cleaves c3, increased vascular permeability
75
what chemical mediator system is responsible for the formation of blood clots
coagulation system
76
what activates the classical complement system
antibodies
77
what activates the alternative complement system
microbes
78
what activates the mannose-lactin complement system
sugar patterns on microbes
79
what activates the coagulation system
thrombin + plasmin
80
why is bradykinin important
because it is the most potent chemical mediator in the kinin family
81
what are the 3 pathways of the complement system
classical, alternative, + mannose-lactin
82
In the complement system, which protein fragment is responsible for opsonization?
c3b
83
In the complement system, which protein fragment causes chemotaxis?
c5a
84
what chemicals are used in the kinin system
bradykinin
85
what chemicals are used in the complement system
c3a, c5a, c3b, c5b, c6b, c7b, c8b, c9b
86
what chemicals are used in the coagulation system
thrombin, plasmin, fsp
87
cell derived mediators of inflammation
vasoactive amines, eicosanoids, inflammatory cytokines
88
histamine derivative + effect
mast cells; vasodilation
89
serotonin derivative + effect
platelets; vasodilation
90
prostaglandins derivative + effect
mast cells; pain + vasodilation
91
thromboxanes derivative + effect
mast cells; vasoconstriction
92
leukotrienes derivative + effect
mast cells; vasodilation + increased permeability
93
Which eicosanoid causes chemotaxis?
LTB4
94
Which eicosanoid causes pain?
PGE2
95
What are the roles of cytokines in inflammation?
they mediate inflammation
96
What is the role of Nitric Oxide in inflammation?
causes vasodilation + is cytotoxic
97
examples of systemic acute-phase reactions
fever, anorexia, leukocytosis, + protein synthesis
98
99
What cells are associated with acute inflammation
Neutrophils + macrophages
100
What cells are associated with chronic inflammation
macrophages, lymphocytes, + fibroblasts

Gen Pathology- PCCF tri 2 (6 decks)

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