Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Morbid > Inflammation II > Flashcards

Inflammation II Flashcards

(74 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Histamine and Serotonin can be released in response to anaphylatoxins

A

C3a and C5a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Histamine is stored in

A

Mast cell granules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Histamine is released by

A

Mast cell degranulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Neuropeptides and cytokines may also trigger the release of histamine (give examples)

A

Substance P; IL-1, IL-8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Vasoactive amines are found in

A

Mast cells, basophils, platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Effect of histamine on arterioles, venules and smooth muscles

A

Dilation, Increased semi permeability, Contraction respectively

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Antihistamine drugs are used to treat

A

Inflammatory reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Serotonin is found in

A

Platelets, GIT, mast cells(rodents)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Functions of serotonin

A

NT in GIT, vasoconstrictor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Lipid mediators are

A

Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Lipid mediators are produced from

A

Arachidonic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

AA derived mediators are synthesized by two major groups of enzymes

A

Cyclooxygenases
Lipooxygenases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

C5a releases AA from membrane phospholipids through the action of

A

Phospholipase A2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List the AA derived eicosanoids that mediate vasodilation

A

PGI2 (prostacyclin)
PGE2
PGE1
PGD2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

List the eicosanoids that mediate vasoconstriction

A

Thromboxane A2
Leukotrienes C4, D4, E4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

List the AA derived eicosanoids that mediate increased vascular permeability

A

Leukotrienes C4, D4, E4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

List the eicosanoids that mediate chemo taxis and leukocyte adhesion

A

Leukotriene B4, HETE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Prostaglandins are produced by

A

Mast cells, leukocytes, macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which cyclooxygenase is produced in response to inflammatory stimuli and
is also constitutively expressed in most tissues, where it may serve a hemostatic function ?

A

COX 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which cyclooxygenase is induced by inflammatory stimuli and thus generates the prostaglandins that are involved in inflammatory reactions, but is low or absent in most normal
tissues?

A

COX 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A thromboxane-prostacyclin imbalance is in

A

Thrombus formation in coronary and cerebral blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The major prostaglandin made by mast cells

A

PGD2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Most widely distributed prostaglandin

A

PGE2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Function of PGF2a

A

Contraction of uterine and bronchial smooth muscle and small arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Which prostaglandin is a chemoattractant for neutrophils ?
PGD2
26
…………… is a hyperalgesic (prostaglandin)
PGE2
27
………… is involved in cytokine induced fever during infections
PGE2
28
What enzyme converts AA to 5-HETE
5-lipooxygenase
29
5 HETE is chemotactic for neutrophils and the precursor of
Leukotrienes
30
Functions of LTB4
Potent chemotactic agent Activator of neutrophils Causes aggregation and adhesion Generation of ROS Release of lysosomal enzymes
31
The cysteinyl-containing leukotrienes LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4 cause
Intense vasoconstriction Bronchospasm Increase permeability of venules
32
Leukotrienes are more potent than histamine in increasing vascular permeability and causing bronchospasm. T/F
T
33
Lipoxins suppress inflammation by
Inhibiting the recruitment of leukocytes
34
Two cell populations are required for the transcellular biosynthesis of these mediators. Which?
Lipoxins
35
Cyclooxygenase inhibitors include
Aspirin, NSAIDs eg ibuprofen
36
Selective COX-2 inhibitors may increase the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, possibly because;
1. Impair production of PGI2 2. Doesn’t affect COX 1 mediated Thromboxane
37
5 lipooxygenase is affected by NSAIDs. T/F
T. It is not
38
Pharmacological agents that inhibit leukotriene production are useful in
Treatment of asthma
39
Example of a pharmacological agent that inhibits leukotriene production
Zileuton
40
Corticosteroids are broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory agents that reduce the transcription of genes encoding
COX 2 Phospholipase A2 IL-1 TNF iNOS
41
Example of leukotriene receptor antagonist
Montelukast
42
Consumption of Fish oils *promote/inhibit* inflammation
Inhibit
43
Growth factors that act on ……….. and ………… cells are not grouped under cytokines
Epithelial and mesenchymal
44
Cytokines (TNF and IL-1) are mainly produced by
Activated macrophages and dendritic cells (TNF also by T lymphocytes and mast cells; IL-1 by some epithelial cells)
45
The production of TNF is onduced by
TLRs and other microbials
46
Roles of cytokines in inflammation
1. Endothelial activation 2. Activation of leukocytes and other cells 3. Systemic acute-phase response
47
TNF activates fibroblasts and stimulates THI7 responses which in turn induce AI. T/F
F. IL-1 does these
48
Sustained production of ………….. contributes to cachexia
TNF
49
TNF antagonists are useful in the treatment of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases such as
Rheumatoid arthritis Psoriasis Inflammatory bowel diseases
50
In TNF antagonist therapy, patients could become susceptible to
Mycobacterial infection
51
TNF antagonists
F. TNF antagonists are more effective
52
What substances induce acute-phase responses including fever
TNF IL-1 IL-6
53
Principal sources of IL-12
Dendritic cells, macrophages
54
Principal sources of IFN-gamma
T lymphocytes, NK cells
55
Principal sources of IL-17
T lymphocytes
56
Action of IL-12 in inflammation
Increased production of IFN-gamma
57
Principal sources of IFN-gamma
T lymphocytes, NK cells
58
Principal action of IFN-gamma
Activation of macrophages
59
Source of IL-17
T lymphocytes
60
Action of IL-17 in inflammation
Recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes
61
4 groups of chemokines
C-X-C chemokines C-C chemokines C chemokines CX3C chemokines
62
Functions of C-X-C
Activation and chemotaxis of neutrophils
63
Example C-X-C
IL-8
64
C-X-C chemokines are mainly induced by
IL-1, TNF
65
C-C chemokines include
Eotaxin, MCP-1, MIP-Ialpha, RANTES
66
Functions of C-C chemokines
Attract monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes (Not as potent chemoattractants of neutrophils)
67
Oetaxin selectively recruits
Oesinophils
68
C chemokines are relatively specific for
Lymphocytes
69
Examples of C chemokines
Lymphotactin
70
The only known member of CX3C chemokines is known as
Fractalkine
71
CX3C chemokines exist in 2 forms
A cell-surface bound protein and a soluble form
72
Chemokines mediate by activities by
Binding to 7-transmembrane GPCRs
73
2 main functions of chemokines
1. Stimulate leukocyte attachment and migration in AI 2. Maintenance of tissue architecture
74
The critical step in complement activation is
Proteolysis of C3 (most abundant component)

Morbid (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions