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Information Processing Flashcards

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1
Q

What is information processing

A

How people take in info from the environment and use the info to select and respond to a motor output

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2
Q

What are the approaches founded in psychology that are not theories of information processing (2)

A
  1. Ecological approaches

2. Cognitive approaches

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3
Q

What is the ecological approach

A

How individuals react with the environment and what it affords them the opportunity to due

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4
Q

True or False:

Perception is based on experiences

A

True

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5
Q

True or False:

How you perceive what the environment affords you will determine your response

A

True

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6
Q

True or False:

In the cognitive approach humans interact with the environment as processors of information

A

True

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7
Q

True or False:

Everyone takes stimulus in the same way

A

true

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8
Q

In the cognitive approach what do you do after you receive recognize and ID environmental stimuli

A

Select and execute planned actions

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9
Q

How is info from the environment processed in the cognitive approach

A

A series of systems

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10
Q

What are the series of systems to processing info from the environment (4)

A
  1. Attention
  2. Perception
  3. STM
  4. Recall from LTM
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11
Q

What are the steps of information processing (7)

A
  1. Define the task
  2. Evaluate starting conditions
  3. Select a plan
  4. Generate movement instructions
  5. Monitor outcome
  6. Feedback (which can bring you back to evaluate starting conditions)
  7. Storage of motor memory
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12
Q

What is serial processing

A

Single channel models in which one process is completed before the next starts

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13
Q

True or False:

In serial processing motor output occurs after processing

A

True

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14
Q

What is parallel processing

A

Multi-channel or multiple-resource models in which some or all processes occur at the same time

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15
Q

True or False:

In parallel processing you can start the motor output while processing

A

True

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16
Q

What is another name for serial processing

A

Sequential processing

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17
Q

What is another name for parallel processing

A

Simultaneous processing

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18
Q

True or False:

Serial and parallel processing should be thought of in a continuum and can occur together

A

True

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19
Q

What are the 3 stages of IP

A
  1. Stimulus identification stage
  2. Response selection stage
  3. Response programming stage
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20
Q

What do the 3 stages of IP relate to

A

Reaction time

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21
Q

What is reaction time

A

How long it takes you to react to a stimulus

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22
Q

What are the stimulus and stimulus identification based on

A

Perception

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23
Q

What is the stimulus identification stage

A

Detection of sensory stimuli and neural encoding of sensory information

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24
Q

What are the senses used in stimulus identification (4)

A
  1. Visual
  2. Auditory
  3. Kinesthetic proprioception
  4. Touch stimuli
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25
True or False: | The senses used in stimulus identification rarely act in isolation
True
26
What must the stimuli be recognized as in the stimulus identification stage
A pattern
27
What are the 2 substages of stimulus identification
1. Stimulus detection | 2. Pattern recognition
28
What is stimulus detection
Recognizing the stimuli
29
True or False: | The environmental stimuli is processed at different levels until memory is contacted
True
30
In the stimulus identification stage what affects reaction time (4)
1. Stimulus clarity 2. Intensity 3. Modality 4. Complexity
31
What is pattern recognition
How humans decipher pattern from stimuli
32
What are the 2 situations in which patterns are recognized
1. Static situations | 2. Dynamic situations
33
What are static situations
Stimuli is stationary
34
What are dynamic situations
Stimuli is moving in the environment
35
True or False: | Patterns are genetically defined or learned
True
36
What is the response selection stage
What motor response should be executed
37
What is processing time affected by (4)
1. Number of stimulus response choices 2. Stimulus response capability 3. Practice 4. Predictability
38
How is stimulus response capability strengthened
By learned association
39
What is Hick's Law
As the number of choices increases the longer it takes for processing to occur
40
What is Fitt's Law
As the amount of information to process increases the longer it takes for processing to occur
41
What is the response programming stage
Organization of action response
42
True or False: | The response programming stage is the final set of processes for communication with the environment
True
43
What is the Henry-Rogers experiment (2)
1. Increased complexity of response to program leads to increased reaction time 2. More time to program movements, increased accuracy demand, and longer movement durations
44
What are the factors affecting response programming (3)
1. Number of movement parts 2. Movement accuracy 3. Movement duration
45
What does anticipation do
Speeds up response selection
46
How does anticipation speed up response selection
Because you already know what your response will be for a stimulus
47
How does anticipation effect reaction time
It shortens reaction time
48
What are the 3 ways to anticipate
1. Receptor 2. Effector 3. Perceptual
49
What is receptor anticipation
Detect upcoming events from environmental stimuli using sensory receptors
50
What is effector anticipation
How long it will take your motor response to occur
51
What is perceptual anticipation
Can predict what will happen based on experience
52
What is spatial (event) anticipation
Anticipation of TYPE of stimulus present and what subsequent response would be required
53
What does spatial anticipation allow
Some response programming before stimulus has arrived (decreasing RT)
54
What can occur with spatial anticipation
One movement can be planned while another is executed
55
What is temporal anticipation
Anticipation of WHEN stimulus will arrive which can lead to a large decrease in RT
56
What are foreperiods
Period of time prior to stimulus onset
57
What are the types of foreperiods (2)
1. Constant foreperiods | 2. Variable duration foreperiods
58
What foreperiod creates the shortest reaction times
Constant and short foreperiods
59
What is quicker automatic or controlled processing of info
Automatic processing of info
60
True or False: | In automatic processing of information neurons activate in response to stimuli
True
61
What type of attention/processing does automatic processing of info require
Limited
62
True or False: | Automatic processing of info has a greater capacity and is faster than controlled processing of info
True
63
Is automatic processing serial or parallel in nature
Parallel
64
True or False: | Controlled processing of info requires selective attention
True
65
Do we used controlled processing of info for well learned or not well learned tasks
Not well learned
66
Is controlled processing of info serial or parallel in nature
Serial in nature
67
What else impacts information processing (3)
1. Arousal 2. Anxiety 3. Attention
68
What is arousal
How alert you are (activation of the CNS)
69
True or False: | There is an optimal level of arousal for each task
True
70
Are fine motor tasks better at a low or high level of arousal
Low level of arousal
71
Are gross motor tasks better at low or high level of arousal
High level of arousal
72
What is happening with low arousal
Taking in too many stimuli and can't determine what is relevant
73
What is happening with high arousal
Focus too much on one stimuli missing relevant cues
74
If someone is inexperienced what is the best level of arousal and why
Low level of arousal so you can take everything in
75
What is another name for perceptual narrowing
Tunnel vision
76
What is perceptual narrowing
Increased arousal for stimuli related to task vs. irrelevant stimuli with a decreased ability to perceive stimuli outside primary focus
77
What is hypervigilance/panic
Severe stress conditions which lead to severely disrupted actions
78
What occurs when some one is hypervigilant/panicked
Freezing
79
What are the 2 types of IP under high arousal
1. Perceptual narrowing | 2. Hypervigilance/panic

Motor Control (3 decks)

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