inhibit protein synthesis

Question 1

site of action for aminoglycosides

Answer 1

interfere with formation of the initiation complex from the 30s side, are only ones that are bacterialcidal

Question 2

site of action of the tetracyclines

Answer 2

block attachment of tRNA to the acceptor site from the 30s side

Question 3

site of action for dalfopristin/quinpristin

Answer 3

block attach of tRNA from the 50s side

Question 4

site of action of the chloramphenecol

Answer 4

inhibits activity peptidyltransferase from the 50s side, which inhibits formation of peptide bonds

Question 5

site of action of macrolides and clindamycin

Answer 5

work from 50s side, and they inhibit translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from acceptor site to donor site; they stop the “slide”

Question 6

aminoglycosides special need

Answer 6

needs a O2-dep. pump to enter cell

Question 7

aminoglycosides targets

Answer 7

gram - rods, streptomycin is for TB and DOC for bubonic plauge and tularemia

Question 8

aminoglycosides examples

Answer 8

gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, streptomycin, kanamycin, neomycin, netilmicin, paromomycin

Question 9

major SE of aminoglycosides

Answer 9

nephrotox, ototox, NMJ blockade, contact dermatitis (topical neomycin)

Question 10

Tetracyclines targets

Answer 10

broadspectrum and can work on atypical bacteria (chlamydia an mycoplasma), H. pylori, rickettsia, borrelia (lymes), brucella, vibrio, treponema

Question 11

DOC for lymes and rickettsia

Answer 11

doxycycline

Question 12

tetracycline drugs

Answer 12

doxycycline, minocycline, demeclocycline, methacycline, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, chlortetracycline

Question 13

special SE of demeclocycline

Answer 13

also can block ADH receptors, can be used in SIADH

Question 14

tetracyclines can also work as

Answer 14

chelters for 2+ ions

Question 15

SE of tetracyclines

Answer 15

tooth enamel dysplasia, and possible low bone growth in kids, CI in kids and pregnancy, phototoxiciity (dont go in sun), balance tox

Question 16

tetracyclines work in bone?

Answer 16

NO

Question 17

tetracylcine resistance

Answer 17

pumps to push tetracyclines out of bacterial cell

Question 18

chloramphenicaol name is special why?

Answer 18

very lipid solubility due to ring shape

Question 19

targets of choramphenical

Answer 19

enourmous broad range, mainly used for sepsis and meningitis, has great distrubution in CSF and tissue

Question 20

choramphenical SE

Answer 20

bone marrow suppression thus lmits use, causes gray baby syndome

Question 21

macrolides targets

Answer 21

very broad, gram + cocci, atypical organisms (chlamydia, mycoplasma, ureaplasma), legionella (DOC), campylobacter jejuni, MAC (the bird TB thing), H. pylorei

Question 22

macrolides name trick

Answer 22

thro, means macrolides

Question 23

only macrolide to not inhibit cytocchrome P450

Answer 23

azithromycin

Question 24

macrolides SE

Answer 24

stimulates motilin which is a good use for surgeons to help stim GI, reversible deafness,

Question 25

telithromycin target

Answer 25

macrolide resistant Strept. Pneumonia, also drug is a ketolide not a macrolide

Question 26

resistantce to macrolides

Answer 26

bacteria methylate their tRNA so that they cannot bind to it

Question 27

clindamycin

Answer 27

not a macrolide but same mechanism

Question 28

clindamycin targets

Answer 28

gram + (includes S. aureus), anaerobes like bacteriodies (aspiration pneumonia also), can go to bone for osteomyelitis (S. aureus)

Question 29

Quinolones and bone infection

Answer 29

can be used for the odd infections in sickel cell and diabetics due to infections are gram -

Question 30

SE of clindamycin

Answer 30

C. Diff induced pseudomembraneous colitis

Question 31

resistance to clindamycin

Answer 31

same as macrolides

Question 32

linezolid targets

Answer 32

VRSA, VRE, drug resistant pneumococci

Question 33

linezolid SE

Answer 33

bone marrow suppression mainly platelets

Question 34

dalfopristin/quinupristin targets

Answer 34

VRSA, VRE

Question 35

group that dalfopristin/quinupristin are part of

Answer 35

streptogramins

Question 36

Classes that stop formation of initiation complex

Answer 36

Linezolid(50s), aminoglycosides(30s)

Question 37

Amunoglycosides are the only class in this section that are

Answer 37

Bacterialcidal due to causing mis reads in the mRNA

Question 38

Classes that stop elongation of the translation

Answer 38

Tetracyclines (30s), dalfopristin/quinupriatin (50s)....A site

Question 39

Class that stop formation of peptide bond

Answer 39

Chloramphenicol (50s), inhibit activity of peptidyltransferase

Question 40

Class of drugs that inhibit translocation, stop the "slide"

Answer 40

Macrolides and clindamycin both work on 50s, inhibit translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from acceptor to donor site

Question 41

How aminoglycosides enter cells

Answer 41

Accumulated intracellularly via O2 dependent uptake thus CANNOT work on anaerobes

Question 42

Spectrum of aminoglycosides

Answer 42

Gram - rods mainly and gram + enterococcus

Question 43

Drugs in aminoglycosides

Answer 43

Amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, netilmicin, paromomycin, streptomycin, tobramycin

Question 44

Streptomycin is used also for

Answer 44

TB and is DOC for bubonic plague and tularemia

Question 45

Aminoglycosides SE

Answer 45

Nephrotoxicity, usually just 1 dose, ototoxocity, neuromuscular blockade(like botulism), contact dermatitis for neomycin