Innate and adaptive immunity

Question 1

What is the immune response

Answer 1

individual responses of an immune system to foreign substances

Question 2

What is an antigen

Answer 2

Any substance recognized by immune system

Question 3

What are properties of innate immunity

Answer 3

Rapid nonspecific defense, present prior to exposure, before adaptive immunity, not part of primary acquired immune response

Question 4

Properties of adaptive immunity

Answer 4

Delayed defense, specific for antigen, includes primary and secondary responses

Question 5

What runs adaptive immune response

Answer 5

lymphocytes

Question 6

what runs innate immune response

Answer 6

phagocytes

Question 7

How long does innate immunity take to react

Answer 7

immediate response

Question 8

What are some anatomic exterior defenses

Answer 8

Skin, mucous membranes, saliva

Question 9

What are some physiologic exterior defenses

Answer 9

temperature, low pH, chemical mediators

Question 10

How do phagocytic cells work (4 steps)

Answer 10

Chemotaxis, adherence, ingestion, digestion

Question 11

What are 2 kinds of phagocytic cells

Answer 11

Macrophages and neutrophils

Question 12

What are PAMPs

Answer 12

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns, uniquely associated with bacteria, fungi, and viruses

Question 13

What recognizes PAMPs

Answer 13

PRR: pattern recognition reception

Question 14

what is an example of PAMP PRR interaction

Answer 14

Macrophage PRR recognizing PAMP from bacteria lipid polysaccharide

Question 15

What is a response caused by a macrophage after receiving a PAMP from a bacteria

Answer 15

inflammation

Question 16

what do interferons do

Answer 16

nonspecifically block viral replication

Question 17

What are some properties of natural killer (NK) cells

Answer 17

Lyphocytes, no antigen specificity, Lack MHC 1, kill via perforin and granzyme, surveys for tumor cells

Question 18

What happens to the tumor cell if a NK cell runs into it and it doesn’t have MHC1

Answer 18

DEATH

Question 19

What are examples of soluble factors

Answer 19

Acute-phase proteins, complement, interferons

Question 20

What is opsonization

Answer 20

Coats microbes and allows recognition

Question 21

What does inflammation do (3 processes)

Answer 21

Increased blood supply, migration of leukocytes from capillaries from capillaries, emigration and accumulation of leukocytes

Question 22

Characteristics of adaptive immunity

Answer 22

Develops upon foreign antigenic stimulation, takes time, specific to foreign antigen, has memory, distinguishes between self and non-self

Question 23

What do antigen presenting cells present in the context to

Answer 23

MHC 2

Question 24

What types of cells (3 types) do antigen presenting cells present to

Answer 24

Macrophage, dendritic cell, B cell

Question 25

What is recognized by antibody (B-cell receptor) or T-cell receptor

Answer 25

Epitope

Question 26

What is affinity

Answer 26

how strong a receptor binds to an epitope

Question 27

What are lymphocytes

Answer 27

effector cells of adaptive immunity (B and T cells)

Question 28

What is a b-cell receptor

Answer 28

Membrane bound antibody

Question 29

What do B-cells become when activated

Answer 29

Plasma or memory cell

Question 30

What must a T-cell have

Answer 30

Antigen presenting cell

Question 31

What do T-cells become when activated

Answer 31

Helper cell (CD4), effector cell (CD8), or suppressor

Question 32

What is clonal selection

Answer 32

each lymphocyte expresses a single antigen receptor specifically. each naive lymp. has a unique receptor and makes clones to bind to antigen. Clonal selection raises clonal frequency

Question 33

What happens during lag time in primary immune response

Answer 33

Clonal selection

Question 34

Properties of secondary immune response

Answer 34

More specific clones, more rapid response, stronger response, increased affinity (somatic hypermutation)

Question 35

What is in the lag phase of secondary immune response

Answer 35

Naive cells, and memory cells make for shorter lag phase than primary response

Question 36

Where do dendritic cells migrate to

Answer 36

Draining lymph nodes or secondary lymph organs to present antigen to naive lymphocytes

Question 37

What is the first cells to react in active immunity

Answer 37

dendritic cells

Question 38

What do plasma cells produce

Answer 38

antibodies

Question 39

What is immunity

Answer 39

host reaction to an antigen