Hypersensitivity

Question 1

Allergy

Answer 1

Hypersensitivity reaction to an antigen

Question 2

Allergen

Answer 2

allergen that leads to allergic reaction

Question 3

Sensitization

Answer 3

exposure to antigen or allergen

Question 4

Type 1 sensitivity

Answer 4

Immediate

Question 5

Type 2 sensitivity

Answer 5

anitbody-mediated cytotoxic hypersensitivity

Question 6

Type 3 sensitivity

Answer 6

immune complex

Question 7

Type 4 sensitivity

Answer 7

delayed-type hypersensitivity

Question 8

how soon until type 1 hypersensitivity

Answer 8

within minutes of exposure

Question 9

Characteristics of type 1 hypersensitivity

Answer 9

Anaphylaxis
Common allergy
Skin, respiratory tract, gut

Question 10

What Ig is responsible for type 1 reactions

Answer 10

IgE

Question 11

What IL are responsible for type 1 reaction

Answer 11

IL-4,

IL-5

Question 12

What happens during acute type 1 reaction

Answer 12

IgE binding in high affinity reactions

Mast cells, basophiles, and neutrophils

Question 13

What happens during chronic type 1 reaction

Answer 13

IgE binding on Dendritic cells and monocytes

Question 14

What are some type 1 effector cells

Answer 14

Mast Cell
Basophil
Eosinophil: piece meal destruction substances

Question 15

What do mast cells do as Type 1 effector cells and what are the 2 phases

Answer 15

Acute phase: severe local reaction

Late phase: edema, redness, pruritus

Question 16

What are three main types of allergies in domestic animals

Answer 16

Atopic dermatitis
food allergy
Allergic inhalant dermatitis

Question 17

How are skin allegories diagnosed

Answer 17

Wheal flare reaction in 10-20 minutes followed by late phage 6-12 hours
Antigens injected into dermis

Question 18

Characteristics of desensitization therapy to allergies

Answer 18

High or low dose
Promote production of IgG rather than IgE
Want to switch immune response from Th2 to Th1

Question 19

What are some characteristics of vasogenic shock

Answer 19

rapid smooth muscle contraction in bronchi, gas. tract, uterus, and bladder
Severe vascular pooling due to peripheral vasodilation

Question 20

Where does ruminant have anaphylaxis

Answer 20

Lung

Question 21

Where does horse have anaphylaxis

Answer 21

Respiratory tract, intestine

Question 22

Where does swine have anaphylaxis

Answer 22

Respiratory tract, intestine

Question 23

Where do dogs have anaphylaxis

Answer 23

Hepatic vein constriction

Question 24

Where do cats have anaphylaxis

Answer 24

respiratory tract, intestines

Question 25

What are characteristics of type 2 sensitivity

Answer 25

rapid destruction of foreign red cells bound by antibody | reaction to ones own cells

Question 26

What does type 2 reaction release

Answer 26

complement fragments degranulation of mast cells cytokines

Question 27

What is the main similarity between type 1,2,&3 sensitivities

Answer 27

Antibody mediated

Question 28

What are examples of type 2 reactions

Answer 28

Transfusion reactions -neonatal isoerythrolysis Cross-match between donor and recipient -essential in pig, horse, dogs, and cats for first transfusion

Question 29

Where do type 3 reactions occur

Answer 29

Kidney Eye Joint

Question 30

What are characteristics of type 3 sensitivity

Answer 30

IgG Immune complexes occur activation of complement

Question 31

What are the three significant pathways of type 3 reactions

Answer 31

1. Cytokines IL-1 and TNF-a cause local tissue damage 2. Immune complexes form, phagocytes activated, neutrophils degranulate 3. Immune complexes activate complement

Question 32

Arthus reaction is

Answer 32

Local tissue reaction

Question 33

Generalized immune complexes

Answer 33

circulating complexes serum sickness Organ damage

Question 34

What is serum sickness

Answer 34

Generalized vasculitis | neutropenia

Question 35

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis....

Answer 35

``` IC deposits in the glomerulus Proteins leaks into the urine loss of oncotic pressure Small molecules such as anti-thrombin 3 lost heartworm ```

Question 36

What's type 4 sensitivity

Answer 36

cell mediated immune response T helper 1 cytokines gone wrong Recruit more T cells and macrophages= more chemokines= more cells

Question 37

What is the most important cytokine in type 4 hypersensitivity

Answer 37

IFN-gamma

Question 38

Type 4 pathophysiology

Answer 38

Type 1 cytokines fail to kill microorganisms tubercles form: multinucleated giant cells mycobacterium bacilli most common is chemicals and large particles

Question 39

Allergic contact dermatitis

Answer 39

Type 4 sensitivity in dermis | poison ivy

Question 40

Hypersensitivity

Answer 40

Inappropriately vigorous immune response to foreign antigen