Innate Immune System Flashcards Preview

Meharry Micro > Innate Immune System > Flashcards

Flashcards in Innate Immune System Deck (44)
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1
Q

physical barriers and mechanical processes are part of the innate or acquired response

A

innate

2
Q

normal flora are part of innate or acquired response

A

innate

3
Q

what is the function of inflammation

A

Injured or infected tissues become inflamed in order to
direct components of the immune system to where they
are needed

4
Q

what is pus

A

phagocytes begin to digest the organisms,
they release enzymes which also damage the
tissue; the accumulation of dead cells, fluid
and digested material is

5
Q

list 2 phagocytic barriers of the innate immune system

A

PMNs, (neutrophils)

– macrophages

6
Q

what cells arrive first at the site of injury

A

neutrophils first line of defense-arrive first at the site of injury

7
Q

this cell is a major defense against pyogenic bacteria

A

neutrophil

8
Q

list enzymes found in neutrophils

A

many granules which contain enzymes such as
myeloperoxidase, as well as cationic proteins,
lysozyme and lactoferrin

9
Q

do neutrophils have long or short life span

A

short

10
Q

are macrophages long or short lived

A

long

11
Q

where do monocytes and macrophages live

A

macrophages live in tissues/monocytes live in blood;

there is constant movement from blood to tissue

12
Q

T/F monocytes arrive first at site of infection

A

false, arrive later than neutrophils at site of infection; can
become activated, therefore more potent

13
Q

migration of cells up a concentration

gradient is known as

A

chemotaxis

14
Q

what sequence allows for chemotaxis

A

(f-Met-Leu-phe)

15
Q

Nitric oxide is an example of oxygen dependent or independent antimicrobial

A

oxygen independent

16
Q

Respiratory burst is an example of oxygen dependent or independent

A

dependent

17
Q

important because it is a point where the
innate and the acquired immune system
cooperate… this part is known as

A

opsonization

18
Q

opsinized cells express receptors for what regions

A

these cells express receptors for the Fc
region of IgG and receptors for activated
C3 (C3b) on their cell surface

19
Q

What disease occurs when neutrophils do not

produce oxidative intermediates

A

• Chronic granulomatous disease

20
Q

– defect in production of NADPH oxidase can cause

A

unable to generate respiratory burst, disease called Chronic granulomatous disease

21
Q

These cells recognize lack of MHC on target cell via KIR

A

NK

22
Q

How are NK cells activated

A

activation of NK cells can only occur where there is

no inactivation signal

23
Q

What cytokines do NK cells produce

A

produce cytokines such as IFN-g

24
Q

What 2 cytokines can activate NK cells

A

can also be activated by IL-2 and IFN-g

25
Q

mast cells release….

A

mast cells release histamine

26
Q

Which cells are important in parasitic diseases and allergies

A

• Eosinophils

27
Q

What cytokines are involved in the innate immune system

A

IFN-a and IFN-b
– TNF-a
– IL-1

28
Q

These cytokines inhibit viral replication

A

IFN-a and IFN-b

29
Q

What are 3 functions of IFN-a and IFN-b

A

inhibit viral replication
• activate NK cells
• increase MHC I

30
Q

fibroblasts, epithelial cells, leukocytes all produce what cytokines

A

IFN-a and IFN-b

31
Q

the Major inflammatory mediator cytokine is

A

TNF-a

32
Q

• activated macrophages produce what cytokine

A

TNF-a

33
Q

This cytokine is an endogenous pyrogen …

A

TNF-a

34
Q

This cytokine activates macrophages to kill and produce other inflammatory cytokines; also activates T cells

A

TNF-a

35
Q

This cytokine can be harmful; excess production induced by LPScan cause septic and endotoxic shock

A

TNF-a

36
Q

IL-1 is produced by

A

• Produced by macrophages

37
Q

IL-1 is a mediatior of …

A

• mediator of inflammation

38
Q

IL-1 is similar to what other cytokine

A

• similar to TNF

39
Q

IL-1 is an ______ pyrogen

A

• endogenous pyrogen

40
Q

Important in attracting neutrophils,

macrophages and T cells to sites of infection…

A

Chemokines

41
Q

Fever is Induced by ..

A

• Induced by LPS and other substances

42
Q

fever is mediated by what cytokines

A

• mediated by IL-1, TNF and IL-6

43
Q

are immune responses faster at higher or lower temps

A

most immune responses are faster at higher

temperatures

44
Q

pathogens do not survive temperatures above….

A

pathogens do not survive temperatures above

37oC