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204 > Innate Immunity 1: Soluble Effectors > Flashcards

Innate Immunity 1: Soluble Effectors Flashcards

1
Q

Induced innate response is for how long?

A

4 hours to 4 days

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2
Q

Innate immune memory is called?

A

Trained immunity

Through epigenetic modifications
Metabolic reprogramming
Long term effects
Altered responsiveness

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3
Q

Which cells show trained immunity?

A

Monocytes, training happens in haemotpoetic stem cells

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4
Q

Soluble barriers?

A

Complement Defensins

Collectins

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5
Q

What disrupts bacterial cell walls?

A

Lysozyme

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6
Q

Lysozyme is found in?

A

Blood and tears

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7
Q

What do collectins, ficolins and pentraxins do?

A

Bind to pathogens and target them for phagocytosis (opsonisation) and activate complement

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8
Q

Complements do?

A

Lyse bacteria, opsonise pathogens and induce inflammation

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9
Q

What is lysozyme secreted by?

A

Paneth cells phagocytes in small intestine

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10
Q

Lysozyme cleaves?

A

Bond between alternating sugars that make peptidoglycan, exposes lipid bilayer

Phospholipid a2, then disrupts phospholipids, allowing water to get through—
Most effective in gram positive bacteria

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11
Q

Histatins ?

A

In oral cavity against pathogenic fungi, Candida albicans

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12
Q

Cathelicidins?

A

Ll-37 against both gram negative and gram positive bacteria

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13
Q

What secrete antimicrobial peptides?

A

Neutrophils, epithelial cells and paneth cells

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14
Q

How do antimicrobial peptides work?

A

Inhibit dna and rna synthesis,

Attack fungi virus and bacteria (minutes)

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15
Q

Defensins are?

A

Microbial peptides 35 to 40 aa amphipathic

Disulphides bond

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16
Q

Defensins work by?

A

Creating a pore

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17
Q

Collectins bind to?

A

Bacterial cell surface sugars

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18
Q

Why do collectins not recognise our mannose antigens?

A

Masked by sialic acid

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19
Q

Ficolins recognise?

A

Acylated compounds COCH3 such as bacterial cell wall monosaccharides

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20
Q

Pentraxins are?

A

Cyclic multimeric proteins in the plasma e.g crp

21
Q

Crp binds to?

A

Phosphocholine on bacterial surfaces

22
Q

C3a and c5a are regarded as?

A

Anaphalatoxins

23
Q

Complements are made by?

A

Liver, monocytes macrophages and epithelial cells

24
Q

Effects mediated by complement components?

A 
Opsonisation
Lysis
Membrane attack complex
Mast cell degranulation
Extravasation
Clearance of antibody complexes
25
Q

C1 is made of?

A

Q, r ,s

18 polypeptides, collagen like helixes, 6 triple helix

26
Q

C1 binds?

A

To 2 FC domains of antibody

27
Q

Which is most efficient antibody at activating complement?

A

igM cause it has 5 Fc domains

28
Q

What happens to igM before binding to c1?

A

When it binds to antigen changes from planar conformation reveals binding site for c1

29
Q

Binding of c1q to Fc causes?

A

Conformation change in c1r, and c1s is cleaved and can cleave c2 and c4

30
Q

What makes c3 convertase?

A

C4b and c2a

31
Q

C3 convertase activates?

A

Over 200 c3 molecules

32
Q

Leptin pathway includes?

A

Antibody independent, activated by mbl and ficolins

Mbl binds to mannose residues on carbohydrates and glycoproteins on bacteria and some viruses

33
Q

Leptin pathway uses what to cleave c4 and c2?

A

Mbl forms a complex with masp1 and masp2 (serine protease)

34
Q

Alternative pathway?

A

C3 hydrolyses into c3a and c3b.

C3b binds to pathogen membrane and factor b, so cleaved by factor d to c3bBb

35
Q

C3bBb has a half life of?

A

5 mins unless it binds to serum protein properdin, extending half life to 30 mins

36
Q

What is c3 convertase?

A

C3bBb

37
Q

C1 inhibitor deficiency?

A

Hereditary angiodema, classical pathway activated very easily,

Injection of c1 inhibitor

38
Q

Mbl deficiency causes?

A

Pyogenic infections in children

39
Q

Deficiency in c8 cause?

A

Prone to neisseria meningitis

40
Q

90% of people deficient in c4 develop?

A

Systemic lupus erythematousus

41
Q

C3b bind to?

A

Immune complexes to be picked up by erythrocytes with cr1 receptor, taken to phagocytes in liver.

Which recognise through their fc receptors and engulf them

42
Q

What causes trained immunity?

A

Altered responsiveness
Metabolic reprogramming
Epigenetic modifications
Long term effects

43
Q

What is action of collectins ficolins and pentraxins?

A

Opsonise pathogens

And activate the complement pathway

44
Q

What is c5 convertase?

A

C3bBbC3b

C4b2a3b

45
Q

What makes the MAC?

A

C5b6789

46
Q

C3a and C5a are important because?

A

Peptide mediators of inflammation

Phagocyte recruitment

47
Q

C3b is important in?

A

Opsonisation of pathogens and removal of immune complexes

48
Q

MAC?

A

C5b6789

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