Inorg Chem Lab ORS Flashcards by Edgar jordan Espinola

ORS

Oral rehydration solution
Best method for combatting dehydration
50mL/kg mild diarrhea
100mL/kg moderate diarrhea
Every 4h
10mL/kg every diarrheal stool, after 4h reassess the patient
5mL/kg every 5mins for vomiting increasing gradually as tolerated

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Potassium in ors

Promote a feeling of well being, stimulate appetite and activity of the patient
Potassium unlike sodium is absorbed passively

Loss of potassium results in muscular weakness, lethargy and anorexia

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Bicarbonate in ors

To correct the electrolyte imbalance

metabolic acidosis

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Precipitated sulfur
equation

3 CaO + 3 H2O -> 3 Ca (OH)2
3 Ca(OH)2 + 12S -> 2 CaS5 +CaS2O5+3H2O
2CaS5 + 4HCl -> 8S + 2 CaCl2 + 2 H2S

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Precipitated Sulfur
Properties

Color- pale yellow
Odor- odorless
Form- very fine amorphous powder
Litmus paper result- B>R, R>B
Neither acidic nor basic (neutral)

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Precipitated Sulfur
Test of purity

R>B, B>R
+ K2C2O4 -no ppt
+AgNO3 -no ppt
Dissolves readily
Absence sulfur, Ca2+, Cl-
Neutral

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Slaking

Addition of water to lime CaO with the liberation of heat
The solution is kept alkaline because flowers of sulfur contains amount of arsenic pentasulfide digested with Ca(OH)2, calcium sulfuarsenite which is soluble in alkaline liquid

If made acidic, it will contaminate the precipitated sulfur

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Kind of preparation

Liquid mixture because particles since it is lighter and easily suspended

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Lime

CaO

Calcium oxide

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Lime water

Ca(OH)2 sol’n

Calcium hydroxide soln

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Slaked lime

Ca(OH)2

Calcium hydroxide

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Limestone

CaCO3
Calcium carbonate

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Milk of lime

Ca(OH)2 susp

Calcium hydroxide susp

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Other forms of sulfur
Official prep

Sublime sulfur
Wash sulfur

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Other forms of sulfur
Allotropic forms

Chrystalline
Rhombic or octahedral sulfur
Monoclinic or prismatic sulfur
Plastic

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Uses of sulfur

Scabicide
Cathartic
Aid in fumigation
Keratolytic (fungicidal action)
Treatment for seborrhea and burns

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Prepration for Boric Acid
Equation

B4O7.10H2O+2HCl > 4H3BO3+2NaCl+5H2O

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Boric acid properties

Colorless
Odorless
Sour

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Boric acid
Test for identity

Litmus: R>R, B>R acidic
Turmeric paper: brownish black
+NH4OH: greenish black
Methanol sulfuric acid test: green border flame

Acidic

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Boric acid
Test for impurities

Result: clear soln
Conclusion: absence of water insoluble subs
+AgNO3: no ppt absence of Cl ions

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Boric acid therapeutic uses

Eyewash (collyra)
Bacteriostatic agent
Buffer component

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Boric acid forms

1- Chrystalline dissolves thoroughly
2- Powder tend to float on top of aqueous solvent

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Magnesium carbonate
properties

White amorphous powder
Slight earthly taste
Relative bulk: bulky powder

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Magnesium carbonate
Test for identity

+CO3 2-
Effervescence was produced
+Mg2+
White chrystalline ppt

Reagent
KH2SbO4 > NaH2SbO4> white ppt >Na+
BaCl2> BaSO4> white ppt> SO4 2-

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Factors to determine the variety of MgCO3

Volume of water added Temp of water added

Rapid filtration of voluminous substances

Buchner funnel

The bubbling of a solution due to the escape of gas As in carbonated drink

Effervescence

Therapeutic uses of MgCO3

Antacid Laxative

Magnesium oxide Equation

(MgCO3)4.Mg(OH)2.5H2O > 5MgO+4CO2(g)+6H2O

Magnesium oxide MgO Properties

White powder Odorless Tasteless Light variety-bulkier

MgO test for identity

Litmus: R>B acidic Mg(OH)2+2HCl>MgCl2+2H2O Formula: MgNH4PO4 Color & nature: white

Process of heating without melting or fusion

Calcination

MgO Test for the presence of carbonate

Add acetic acid No effervescence indicates complete inversion of carbonate and oxides

MgO therapeutic uses

Laxative Diuretic Antacid

Potassium acetate CH3CO2K Equation

CH3COOH+KHCO3>CH3COOK+CO2+H2O

Potassium acetate CH3CO2K Properties

White amorphous powder Faint acidous odor Slightly alkaline taste

CH3CO2K Test for identity

+K + K2NaCo(NO2)6 Yellow ppt +CH3COO Gas with vinegar odor +K & C Residue of K2CO3

Used to increase temp over 100deg C and not to exceed 140deg C during evaporation of

Sand bath

A form of treatment that chemically decomposes organic materials by heat in the absence of oxygen

Pyrolysis

Therapeutic uses of KCH3COO Potassium salt of acetic acid

Diuretic Antacid

Potassium sodium tartrate Properties

White chrystalline powder with colorless rhombic prism Odorless Saline cooling taste

Potassium sodium tartrate

KNaC4H4O6.4H2O

Potassium sodium tartrate Tollens test: silver mirror

+CH3COOH White chrystalline ppt KHC4H4O6

Potassium sodium tartrate

Effervescence gives off CO2

Synonyms of KNaC4H4O6

Rochelle salt Seignette salt Class of salt: double salt Implication on pyrolysis No ample supply of O2 Insufficient heating Black carbon particlea remain

KNaC4H4O6 therapeutic uses

Cathartic (component of seidlitz powder) Mild laxative Potent hydragogue (evacuation of watery feces)

When the certain solid substances when exposed absorb water enough to form solutions

Deliquescence

When some substance are exposed to air, they lose water to the atmosphere, thereby reducing in weight

Efflorescence

When the substance absorb water from air but not enough to form solutions

Hygroscopic

Fehling’s soln-alkaline CuC4H4O6

Test the presence of aldehydes

Property of tartrate ion

Chelate complex atom

Iodine tincture category

Topical tincture

Iodine tincture synonyms

Tincture of iodine Tinctura lodi Solutio lodi

Iodine tincture Description of final product

The tincture has a reddish brown color which produce stain on the skin

Iodine tincture uses

1- Local anti infective agent applied topically to the skin 2- Germicide 3- Fungicide

Latin macerare (to soak) Comminuted drug is permitted to siak in the menstruum Agitated repeatedly over a period of time 2-14 days

Maceration

Latin per (through) colare (to atrain) Comminuted drug is extracted by the slow passage of a suitable solvent through a column of the drug Drawn by the force of gravity as well as the weight of column of the liquid

Percolation

On a small scale

Use glass percolators

Suited to the more complete extraction of drugs with minimal expenditure of menstruum

Cylindrical percolator

Glycyrrhiza fluidextract

Licorice root Flavoring agent

Eriodictyon fluidextract

Yerba santa Cathartic

Cascara sagrada fluidextract

Rhamnus purshiana fluidextract

Aromatic cascara sagrada fluid extract

Senna fluidextract

Fluidextratum sennae

Concentrated preparations of veg or animal drugs obtained by the removal of the active constituents of the reapective drugs with suitable solvent

Extracts

Add solvent to the drug, either macerate/percolate Obtain through evaporation 2-6 times more potent than the crude drug

Syrupy

Syrupy/semiliquid

20mL of solvent system is remained Removing all or most of the menstruum

Plastic consistency, nearly all solvent(menstruum) has evaporated Preffered in compounding dosage form: Ointment/paste/pliable material facilitates compounding

Pilular / plastic consistency

Dry extract by removing all menstruum Veg drug material which are starchy Preffered compounding of: powders, capsules, tablets

Powdered extract

Nasal decongestant solutions

Treat rhinitis of the common cold, for sinusitis

Potassium oxalate

+K2C2O4

AgNO3

Silver nitrate

Calcium hydroxide

Ca(OH)2

Ammonium hydroxide

NH4OH

HCl is used instead of Sulfuric acid because

HCl is a soluble acid hence residual traces of HCl will remain in crystal surfaces while h2so4 is non soluble acid and is less easily remoed

Test of washings for chloride ions

Add of agno3 No ppt indicates the absence of Cl ions

Cold water is used for washing the crystals

Because it is less soluble in cold water

Official solution before opthalmic prep

Since the solution might crystallized and will be irritating to the eyes

Magnesium carbonate Equation

Light variety Heavy variety

CO3 2-

Carbonate ion

CuC4H4O6

Copper (II) Tartrate

Inorg Chem Lab ORS Flashcards

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