Inorganic (from detailed notes)

Question 1

What do Group 2 metals lose when they react?

Answer 1

Two electrons to form 2+ ions

This allows them to achieve a full outer shell.

Question 2

How does the atomic radius of Group 2 metals change down the group?

Answer 2

Increases due to additional electron shells.

Question 3

What happens to the reactivity of Group 2 metals as you move down the group?

Answer 3

Increases due to easier loss of outer electrons.

Question 4

What is the trend in first ionization energy for Group 2 metals?

Answer 4

Decreases down the group due to greater atomic radius and increased shielding.

Question 5

What do Group 2 metals produce when they react with water?

Answer 5

Metal hydroxide and hydrogen.

Question 6

What is the term for the solution formed by Group 2 metals reacting with water?

Answer 6

Alkaline solution.

Question 7

How does magnesium react with liquid water compared to steam?

Answer 7

Very slowly with liquid water; faster with steam due to extra energy.

Question 8

What do Group 2 metals form when they react with chlorine gas?

Answer 8

Metal chlorides, which are white precipitates.

Question 9

What do Group 2 metals react with to produce oxides?

Answer 9

Oxygen.

Question 10

What is produced when Group 2 metals react with dilute acids?

Answer 10

Bubbles of hydrogen gas and solutions of metal compounds.

Question 11

What do Group 2 hydroxides form when they react with dilute acids?

Answer 11

A salt and water.

Question 12

What is the trend in solubility of Group 2 hydroxides down the group?

Answer 12

Increases down the group.

Question 13

What is the solubility trend for Group 2 sulfates?

Answer 13

Decreases down the group.

Question 14

Why is barium sulfate useful in medicine?

Answer 14

It is insoluble and cannot be absorbed into the blood.

Question 15

What do Group 2 carbonates produce when thermally decomposed?

Answer 15

Solid metal oxides and carbon dioxide.

Question 16

What happens to the thermal stability of Group 2 carbonates as you go down the group?

Answer 16

Increases, requiring more heat for decomposition.

Question 17

What is the flame color for lithium in a flame test?

Answer 17

Red.

Question 18

What is the flame color for sodium in a flame test?

Answer 18

Orange/Yellow.

Question 19

What happens to the atomic radius of Group 7 elements down the group?

Answer 19

Increases due to additional electron shells.

Question 20

What happens to electronegativity as you move down Group 7?

Answer 20

Decreases due to increased atomic radius and shielding.

Question 21

What type of molecules are the Group 7 elements?

Answer 21

Simple covalent molecules.

Question 22

What is the trend in reactivity for Group 7 elements down the group?

Answer 22

Decreases.

Question 23

What is the oxidizing power trend for halogens?

Answer 23

Decreases down the group.

Question 24

What are halide ions?

Answer 24

Negative ions of halogens.

Question 25

What reactions do halide ions undergo with H2SO4?

Answer 25

Redox reactions.

Question 26

What type of reaction occurs when chlorine reacts with cold water?

Answer 26

Disproportionation reaction.

Question 27

What do hydrogen halides react with to form ammonium salts?

Answer 27

Ammonia gas.

Question 28

What color precipitate does AgCl form when halide ions react with acidified silver nitrate?

Answer 28

White precipitate.

Question 29

What color precipitate does AgBr form?

Answer 29

Cream precipitate.

Question 30

What is produced when hydrogen halides react with water?

Answer 30

Dilute acids.

Question 31

What ions are produced when hydrogen halides dissociate in solution?

Answer 31

Halide ions and hydrogen ions.

Question 32

What can be predicted about other halogens using trends in chlorine, bromine, and iodine?

Answer 32

Predictions can be made for other halogens, including fluorine and astatine. ## Footnote This is based on trends in physical properties, chemical properties, and reactions.

Question 33

How are sulfate ions (SO4--) tested for?

Answer 33

Sulfate ions are tested using acidified BaCl2 to form a white precipitate of barium sulfate. ## Footnote The formation of a white precipitate indicates the presence of sulfate ions.

Question 34

What happens when an acid is added to a substance containing carbonate ions (CO2--)?

Answer 34

The substance will fizz and CO2 gas is given off. ## Footnote This gas can be bubbled through limewater, which will turn cloudy, confirming its identity as carbon dioxide.

Question 35

What is the test for ammonium ions (NH4+)?

Answer 35

Adding NaOH and gently warming results in the formation of ammonia gas, which is basic. ## Footnote The presence of ammonium ions can be confirmed if damp red litmus paper turns blue.

Question 36

Fill in the blank: The reaction of sulfate ions with BaCl2 produces a _______.

Answer 36

white precipitate of barium sulfate.

Question 37

True or False: The addition of HCl to carbonate ions produces a cloudy solution.

Answer 37

False. ## Footnote It produces fizzing and CO2 gas, which when bubbled through limewater turns cloudy.

Question 38

What color does damp red litmus paper turn if ammonium ions are present?

Answer 38

Blue.

Question 39

Flame test colour for Potassium

Answer 39

Lilac

Question 40

Flame test colour for Magnesium

Answer 40

No colour

Question 41

Flame test colour for Calcium

Answer 41

Brick Red

Question 42

Flame test colour for Strontium

Answer 42

Crimson Red

Question 43

Flame test colour for Barium

Answer 43

Pale Green