Topic 6 - Organic

Question 1

Hydrocarbon

Answer 1

A compound exclusively consisting of hydrogen and carbon atoms.

Question 2

Homologous series

Answer 2

Series of organic compounds with the same functional group and general formula.

Question 3

Functional group

Answer 3

A group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a compound.

Question 4

Addition

Answer 4

Joining molecules to form a larger one. Includes hydration, halogenation, hydrogenation.

Question 5

Polymerisation

Answer 5

Joining together simple molecules (monomers) to form a giant molecule (polymer).

Question 6

Repeating unit

Answer 6

Simplest pattern in a polymer that reproduces the structure.

Question 7

Elimination

Answer 7

Small group of atoms breaks away forming a C=C bond.

Question 8

Substitution

Answer 8

One species is replaced by another.

Question 9

Hydrolysis

Answer 9

Breaking bonds by reaction with water.

Question 10

Dehydration

Answer 10

Reaction eliminating water from a compound.

Question 11

Saturated

Answer 11

Compound with all C-C bonds as single bonds.

Question 12

Heterolytic fission

Answer 12

Breaking a covalent bond forming ions.

Question 13

Homolytic fission

Answer 13

Breaking a covalent bond forming radicals.

Question 14

Radicals

Answer 14

Species with an unpaired electron.

Question 15

Free radical substitution

Answer 15

Photochemical reaction between halogens and alkanes.

Question 16

Stereoisomerism

Answer 16

Same structural formula but different spatial arrangement due to restricted rotation.

Question 17

Structural isomerism

Answer 17

Same molecular formula, different structural formula.

Question 18

Saturated hydrocarbons

Answer 18

Hydrocarbons with only single bonds.

Question 19

Unsaturated hydrocarbons

Answer 19

Hydrocarbons with at least one double bond.

Question 20

Cracking

Answer 20

Breaking long-chain alkanes into smaller hydrocarbons.

Question 21

Reforming

Answer 21

Converting straight-chain hydrocarbons into branched/cyclic ones.

Question 22

Knocking

Answer 22

Premature explosion of fuel/air mixture.

Question 23

Complete combustion

Answer 23

Forms fully oxidised products (e.g. CO₂).

Question 24

Catalytic Converters

Answer 24

Use platinum catalyst to convert pollutants into harmless gases.

Question 25

Biofuels

Answer 25

Fuels from living matter.

Question 26

Recycling

Answer 26

Turning polymer waste into useful materials.

Question 27

Incinerator

Answer 27

Converts polymer waste into energy.

Question 28

Feedstock

Answer 28

Polymer waste used to make new polymers.

Question 29

Biodegradable

Answer 29

Polymer decomposable by microbes.

Question 30

Electrophile

Answer 30

Electron pair acceptor in mechanisms.

Question 31

Nucleophile

Answer 31

Electron pair donor in mechanisms.

Question 32

Electron releasing group

Answer 32

Group that releases electrons to its atom.

Question 33

Carbocation

Answer 33

Carbon atom with a positive charge.

Question 34

Markovnikoff’s rule

Answer 34

Major product via most stable carbocation in unsymmetrical addition.

Question 35

Distillation with addition

Answer 35

Reacting under distillation while adding a reagent.

Question 36

Solvent extraction

Answer 36

Separates compound by transferring to another solvent.

Question 37

Fractional distillation

Answer 37

Uses fractionating column to separate liquids.