Topic 17,18 - Organic

Question 1

Chiral centre

Answer 1

Carbon with four different substituents; asymmetrical.

Question 2

Chirality

Answer 2

Property of a molecule being non-superimposable on its mirror image.

Question 3

Plane-polarised light

Answer 3

Light oscillating in only one plane.

Question 4

Polarimeter

Answer 4

Device measuring rotation of plane-polarised light.

Question 5

Enantiomers

Answer 5

Optical isomers that are non-superimposable mirror images.

Question 6

Optical activity

Answer 6

Ability to rotate plane-polarised light.

Question 7

Racemic mixture

Answer 7

Equimolar mixture of enantiomers with no net optical activity.

Question 8

Dimer

Answer 8

Molecule of two identical monomers.

Question 9

Esterification

Answer 9

Reaction of alcohol and acid to form ester and water.

Question 10

Condensation polymerisation

Answer 10

Formation of polymers with elimination of small molecules.

Question 11

Saponification

Answer 11

Soap-making by hydrolysis of triglycerides.

Question 12

SN1

Answer 12

Unimolecular nucleophilic substitution with a carbocation intermediate.

Question 13

SN2

Answer 13

Bimolecular nucleophilic substitution with simultaneous bond breaking/forming.

Question 14

Nucleophilic addition

Answer 14

Addition of a nucleophile to a polar double bond.

Question 15

Tollens’ test

Answer 15

Silver mirror test for aldehydes.

Question 16

Fehling’s and Benedict’s tests

Answer 16

Copper-based test for aldehydes (red precipitate).

Question 17

Brady’s reagent

Answer 17

2,4-DNPH used to detect carbonyl compounds.

Question 18

Iodoform reaction

Answer 18

Identifies methyl ketones or specific alcohols by yellow precipitate.

Question 19

Aromatic

Answer 19

Hydrocarbon ring with delocalised π electrons.

Question 20

Kekule model

Answer 20

Benzene with alternating single and double bonds.

Question 21

Delocalised model

Answer 21

π-electrons delocalised above and below benzene ring.

Question 22

Delocalisation energy

Answer 22

Stabilisation due to delocalised electrons in benzene.

Question 23

Halogen carrier

Answer 23

Lewis acid catalyst for electrophilic substitution in aromatics.

Question 24

Amines

Answer 24

Ammonia derivatives with one or more hydrogens replaced by carbon groups.

Question 25

Basicity

Answer 25

Ability to donate a lone pair to a proton.

Question 26

Amino acids

Answer 26

Organic molecules with -COOH and -NH2 groups.

Question 27

Zwitterion

Answer 27

Molecule with both positive and negative charges, net charge zero.

Question 28

Amphoteric

Answer 28

Ability to react as both acid and base.

Question 29

Isoelectric point

Answer 29

pH at which an amino acid exists as a zwitterion.

Question 30

Amide

Answer 30

Carboxylic acid derivative with -NH2 or similar group.

Question 31

Peptide bond

Answer 31

Covalent bond linking amino acids.

Question 32

Grignard reagent

Answer 32

Organometallic compound used to form carbon-carbon bonds.

Question 33

Hazard

Answer 33

Potential to cause harm.

Question 34

Risk

Answer 34

Likelihood of harm occurring.

Question 35

Reflux

Answer 35

Heating method allowing boiling without loss of solvent.

Question 36

Anti-bumping granules

Answer 36

Prevent vigorous boiling by promoting smooth bubble formation.

Question 37

Miscible

Answer 37

Liquids that mix completely.

Question 38

Recrystallisation

Answer 38

Purification method based on differential solubility.