inside reading Flashcards
(478 cards)
1
Q
rear (rear wheel)
A
عقب پشت(چرخ پشت)
2
Q
substitute something new {for} something old
A
time/r: substitute an R for the M to make the tire
small businesses have substituted segways for trucks to make neighborhood deliveries
3
Q
one last time
A
the last time
4
Q
handles
A
دسته دوچرخه
5
Q
brake
A
ترمز
brake fluid
brake levers
6
Q
inspect
inspection
inspector
A
check out, examine
بازرسی کردن سرکشی کردن
سرکشی بازرسی
بازرس
7
Q
patrol
patrolling
A
guard/watch/monitoring/policing
“a police patrol stopped the man and searched him”
police officers patrol neighborhoods to keep them safe from crime
8
Q
they are afraid
they fear
A
people fear being laughed at for buying a toy
9
Q
pass
A
عبور-گذر /جواز
عبور کردن / تصویب کردن / قبول شدن
go / approve, vote for, ratify, adopt, agree to, endorse
some cities have passed laws that allow segwayss to travel only on sidewalks
10
Q
something will replace something
A
یچیزی جای یه جیز دیگه رو میگیره
substitute sth for sth else.
چیزی که قراره جایگزین بشه اول میاد
11
Q
ministry
A
وزارت - وزارت خانه
12
Q
accompany
A
my brother will accompany me to indonesia
i will be accompanied by my brother
a fever accompanies a cold
13
Q
conspiracy
A
توطئه دسیسه
14
Q
cereal
A
غله، حبوبات
15
Q
bran
A
سبوس گندم
16
Q
oat
A
جو
17
Q
stock
A
(v) supply with merchandise
(n) animals raised on a farm, merchandise,
18
Q
in stock
on the stocks
take stock
A
- # موجود، آماده‌ی فروش یا تحویل، در انبار، در فروشگاه، در دسترس
- # (در مورد کشتی و غیره) در دست ساختمان
- 1- صورت موجودی را تهیه کردن، (از موجودی انبار یا مغازه و غیره) فهرست تهیه کردن 2- ارزیابی کردن، برآورد کردن
19
Q
other than
A
apart from; except. different from; otherwise than. //he claims not to own anything other than his home"
20
Q
channel (toward)
A
(v) : direct, guide
(n) : pathway
channel people toward a specific product
21
Q
aim at sth
A
sellers will be aimed at parents
aim the camcorder at some suitable object”
new French cooking aims at producing clear,
(at) هدف قرار دادن چیزی
22
Q
slogan
A
شعار
23
Q
Put effort into
A
If you make an effort to do something, you try very hard to do it.
24
Q
and so forth
A
و غیره،
25
forth
onward ("from that day forth )
out, outside, away ()
(forth from : OUT OF)
26
back and forth
moving first in one direction and then in the opposite one:
//She swayed gently back and forth to the music.
(backward and forward)
//The chair rocked back and forth.
//The children were shuttled back and forth between school and home.
27
invoke
دعا کردن به، طلب کردن، با التماس خواستن
سایت کردن اسم یک شخص مهم برای ساپورت یک ایده (calling upon such things as laws, authority, or privilege)
“the principal invoked a rule forbidding students from asking questions”
28
evoke
bring or recall to the conscious mind.
| "The sight of American asters evokes pleasant memories of childhood"
29
- administer
- administration
- the administration
- a manage in a company or government
- the work done by administers
- the group of people managing an organization
30
affectionate
مهربان خونگرم
31
index (s)
| indices (p)
```
فهرست لیست
نشان راهنما
نشان دادن
مرتب کردن منظم کردن
شاخص
- Success is an index of ability.
- the cost-of-living index
-all persons and places mentioned are carefully indexed
```
32
governor
فرماندار، حاکم، حکمران، فرمانده
33
convene
bring together; meet
| - The Senate will convene tomorrow.
34
```
emperor
empress
-----------------------
sultan
sultana
```
```
امپراتور
زن امپراتور
---------------
سلطان
زن یا دختر ساطان
```
35
analogous
similar, alike
| comparable
36
constitute
comprise form compose
| تشکیل دادن تاسیس کردن برپا کردن
37
unconventional
unusual, disapproved
38
whereby
```
by which, because of which
//nancy went on a strict diet, whereby she lost 30 pounds.
```
39
ruler
| monarch
فرمانروا
| خطکش
40
robe
| gown
لباس بلند
41
gavel
چوب قاضی
42
gavel
چکش چوبی قاضی
43
rap
```
hit quickly and lightly
// She rapped on the door twice.
```
44
commonwealth
```
a democratic republic.
//human trafficking in the commonwealth.
```
45
royal
سلطنتی، شاهانه، ملوکانه، همایونی، شاهوار،
| royal status
46
crown
تاج
| تاجگذاری کردن
47
cape
شنل
48
delicate
```
حساس
//a delicate situation
دقیق
//a delicate instrument
لذیذ
//a delicate flavor
ظریف و اندک
// a delicate difference
```
49
integral part
بخش جدا نشدنی
50
veil
حجاب، پرده، نقاب، چادر،
51
bouquet
دسته گل
| a bouquet of yellow flowers.
52
a
شباهت
| some people see an analogy between the features on the outside of a house and a face
53
analogy
```
شباهت similarity alikeness resemblance
//some people see an analogy between the features on the outside of a house and a face
```
54
analogous
similar, alike
comparable
//the windows are analogous to eyes
//gasoline is analogous to food
55
refrain
خودداری کردن
| تکرار کردن موزیک
56
constituent
```
1- a structural element
2- an essential part, a component
3- دارای حق انتخاب، گزیننده، انتخاب کننده
4-مؤسس
5-موکل
```
57
acquisition
دستاورد
58
comfort
دلداری دادن ، آسایش دادن make to feel better
| راحت، آسودگی، آسایش good feeling; ease
59
coincide
| [coincidence, coincidental]
1-to happen at the same time as another event
//it was scheduled [to coincide with] her birthday
2-two ideas that agree
//my view did not coincide with their views
60
dominate
```
1- have strong control over something
//my father dominated our lives before
2-the most important part of something
//the television dominated the living room
```
61
brag
talk boastingly
| لاف زدن، بالیدن، فخرکردن، با تکبر راه رفتن
62
applause
clapping
کف زدن
//The audience's applause interrupted his speech several times.
63
inhibit
inhibition
inhibitive
```
restrict, prevent
//Shyness inhibited her from laughing.
```
64
overshadow
```
1.tower above and cast a shadow over.
//an enormous oak tree stood overshadowing the cottage"
2.appear much more prominent or important than.
//his competitive nature often overshadows the other qualities"
```
65
exploit
| exploitation
sometimes it is used for using productively or cleverly
| and sometimes used for using selfishly and unfairly
66
demonstrate
1-to prove or show something
//her painting demonstrate her feelings(نشان دادن)
2-to give direction about how something is done(شرح دادن)
//my trainer demonstrated how to use my new bicycle
3- publicly show your support for or against something (تظاهرات کردن)
67
establish
set up, organize
demonstrate, prove
authenticate, validate, verify, confirm
68
complement
مکمل/ کامل کردن،
69
albeit
but, although
| the french fries were tasty, albeit oily
70
albeit
```
but, although
//the french fries were tasty, albeit oily
```
71
franchise
the franchisee # the franchiser
franchise restaurantp
```
authority, right, privilege
//restaurants are the most common franchises.
//many businesses can be franchised
```
72
patent
```
امتیاز یا حق انحصاری به کسی دادن، حق ثبت اختراع
//She patented the invention in her own name.
```
73
incline
bend / tend, willing
```
1-be inclined to something
I am inclined to get more coffee
2- inclination
I haven't sny inclinations to get more coffee
3-incline
I inclined this tool (bend)
```
74
itinerary
برنامه سفر
75
cyclone
گردباد
76
clatter
loud noise / to make a loud noise
77
infer
| inference
conclude / conceive, figure out / presume, assume
78
spectrum
```
طیف
//a wide spectrum of opinion
//political spectrum
```
79
malnutrition
سوء تغذیه
| poor nutrition
80
compatible
incompatible
compatibility
incompatibility
get along well, work together well
81
contribute [to]
| contributing+ cause/factor/element
```
//the wind contributed [to] the accident
// I contributed annually to save our life.
```
82
contribute [to]
| contributing+ cause/factor/element
```
کمک در جهت منفی و مثبت
//high winds contributed [to] the accident (negative)
//high winds were a contributing factor to the accident
// I contributed annually to save our life. (positive)
```
83
sort out
```
1-(cope)to do what is necessary to deal with a problem
//If you have a problem, the welfare officer can help you sort yourself out.
2- arrange and fix things (clean)
//I need to sort out the mess on my desk.
3-find out, discover
sort out how/what/why, etc.:
// Investigators are still trying to sort out why the accident happened.
4-to make arrangements for something to happen, or to decide how it will happen(plane, arrange, organize)
//the music’s already sorted out.
```
84
propel
| propulsion
به جلو راندن drive, force throw
// A jet engine propels the rocket.
propulsion(نیروی محرکه)
85
submerse
در آب فرو بردن، زیر آب کردن، غوطه‌ور ساختن، پوشاندن، مخفی کردن
86
hover
//The shark was hovering around us.
87
mount
1-climb, arise, ascend,
2- increase, grow, accumulate, aggravate, augment,
3-affix, frame, emplace, exhibit, fit, install, place, position
88
stun
```
shock, amaze, astonish, astound, bemuse, bewilder, blow away, bowl over, confound, confuse,
//The blow temporarily stunned me.
```
89
litter
اشغال/ نوزاد جانور debris, mess/ animal offspring
| زاییدن، آشغال پاشیدن mess up, scatter,
90
shrimp
crab
clam
میگو
خرچنگ
حلزون
91
```
inch
foot
mile
pound
knot
```
```
2.54 cm
30 cm
1.6 km
0.45 kg
1.85 km/h
```
92
trace
```
1. a small bit,
// the river had trace amounts of debris in it.
2.seek, follow, search for, shadow,
//the book traced the history of sea exploration.
3.draw around, chart, copy
//he put a piece of paper on a picture and carefully traced its shape.
4.evidence
// I can see some traces of mice in the garbage.
```
93
conduct
1. conduct
| 2. behavior
94
in the process
1-sth has been started but not completed
2-something resulted in an unexpected way
//I was cooking dinner, and in the process, I burnt my thumb
95
objective
```
1. واقع بینانه و عینی
//objective reality
//an objective description
//an objective painting
2.aim, goal هدف، منظور
//This project has two objectives.
```
96
tense
| tension
```
کشیده / عصبی پرتنش
//-The string of a bow must be very tense.
//faces tense with anxiety
// He is a very tense person.
//a tense situation
```
97
impose
1. تحمیل کردن
//the city will impose a fine on residents
2. (impose on you) someone expects you to stop your routine and do them a favor.
//I don't want to impose on you, can I use your computer?
3. some on is imposing: someone is impressive and powerful
98
discriminate
color discrimination
racial discrimination
```
differentiate, distinguish
//the law shouldn't
```
99
amend
improve, correct
100
outback
the remote area
جای دور افتاد
outback environment
101
endure
bear hardship
tolerate
abide
be patient with
102
clatter
make noise
103
patron
advocate
| supporter
104
drive-in
```
do something without leaving the car
//"it looked like the screen from an old drive-in theater"
```
105
notwithstanding (before a noun)
باوجود اینکه، علیرغم، باوجود، بدون توجه
although, however
// He flew on, notwithstanding the storm.
// He continues his criticism, government threats notwithstanding.
notwithstanding the rain, the players finished the game.
106
stop off
```
pay a short visit en route to one's ultimate destination.
//"I stopped off to visit him and his wife"
//they stopped off only for gasoline and never left
```
107
moonscape
a view of the surface of the moon
108
sprawl out
```
to cause to spread out carelessly or awkwardly
//sprawled out her books on the table
```
109
steep
a steep incline
- شیب تند
- a steep road
- جاده‌ی پرشیب
110
one of a kind
```
completely different from other people or things.
//I don't know how we'll ever replace Mary after she retires. She's really one of a kind.
```
111
equate (with)
برابرکردن، برابرگرفتن، مساوی پنداشتن، معادله ساختن، یکسان فرض کردن
// to equate wealth with happiness
- ثروت را با خوشبختی برابر دانستن
//people equate the name Rolls-Royce, with classic luxury.
112
ranch
| rancher
دامداری ، دامداری کردن
| دامدار
113
register
ثبت نام کردن list, record / to record, enter in a list
detect and show,
indicate
114
patriotic
```
میهن پرستی
//"today's game will be played before a fiercely patriotic crowd".
```
115
mainstream
```
(Noun) (Adjective) مسیر اصلی، مسیر جویباری که در آن آب جریان دارد
// His ideas are not in sync with the mainstream of political thought in Canada.
```
116
subtle
```
ماهرانه، دقیق
//- subtle reasoning
```
117
fad
(Noun) مد زودگذر، هوس
118
stir
```
جنبش، حرکت،
تکان دادن/ تحریک کردن یا شدن
// to give the soup a stir
//The people were stirred up to the rebellion.
rebellion =شورش سرپیچی
```
119
precede
preceding
precedent
```
مقدم بودن، جلوتر بودن از، اسبق بودن بر
go ahead of, antecede, antedate, be ahead of, come first, forerun, foreshadow, go before, go in advance,
// He precedes me in rank.
//during the days preceding his death
//She preceded her speech with thanks to the host.
// in preceding years, very little rain had fallen
```
precedent سابقه / رسم وسنت شدن
120
concede
| acknowledge
تصدیق کردن
121
hoax
```
trick
//- His hoax was soon discovered.
```
122
conspiracy
```
توطئه، دسیسه، نقشه خیانت‌آمیز
//Their conspiracy was discovered early on.
```
123
basil
ریحون
124
get by
to survive
manage with difficulty to live or accomplish something.
//he had just enough money to get by"
125
intriguing
```
fascinating.
//an intriguing story"
```
126
exile
deport
expel and bar (someone) from their native country, typically for political or punitive reasons.
"a corrupt dictator who had been exiled from his country"
127
depress
فرو بردن
//he depressed the delete key to erase sth
افسرده شدن
128
hail
تگرگ
| it is hailing
129
shiver
(Noun) (Verb) لرزه، لرز، ارتعاش، لرزیدن، از سرما لرزیدن، ریزه، تکه، خرد کردن
- When she came out of the river she was shivering.
- از رودخانه که درآمد می‌لرزید.
130
squad
team, band, battalion, company, division, force, gang, group, regiment, squadron, troop
131
compile
ACCUMULATE, ASSEMBLE,
produce (something, especially a list, report, or book) by assembling information collected from other sources.
"The local authority must compile a list of taxpayers"
COMPUTING
(of a computer) convert (a program) into a machine-code or lower-level form in which the program can be executed.
132
nucleus
kernel
hub
هسته، مغز، هسته مرکزی
- the nucleus of an atom
- هسته‌ی اتم
133
crust
```
پوسته سخت چیزی
//- We ate bread crusts and gave the crums to the chickens.
```
134
tear, torn
اشک/ اشک ریختن
| پارگی/ پاره کردن
135
infer
| inference
نتیجه گیری کردن conclude
نتیجه‌گیری، برداشت، conclusion, deduction
//- We see smoke and we infer fire.
136
amend
(verb) improve, correct
ترمیم کردن, اصلاح کردن، بهتر کردن
// The teacher told a student, "you must amend your ways!"
137
successor
| heir
inheritor, next in line, replacement, جانشین وارث
| person who inherits possessions
138
levy
tax
| مالیات/ مالیات بستن بر
139
account
1- a written description of past events,
2-record of finances, fees, or charges
3-basis or consideration for action
شمردن، حساب کردن، ذکر علت کردن، دانستن، نقل کردن(. n )حساب، صورت حساب، گزارش، بیان علت
//- His effort accounted for the success of the team.
- کوشش او موجب موفقیت تیم بود.
//- a bank account
//- a thing of small account
- چیز کم‌اهمیت (ارزش)
140
grant
(v) : 1 - دادن، بخشیدن، اعطا کردن
// He was granted a week's leave of absence.
//Her wish was granted.
(v):2-تصدیق کردن، مسلم گرفتن، موافقت کردن
//- granting that you are right...
- به فرض که حق با شما باشد...
(n): اهدا ، بخشش، عطا، امتیاز، اجازه واگذاری رسمی، کمک‌هزینه تحصیلی
141
contemplate
1-think profoundly and at length
| 2-look thoughtfully for a long time at.
142
append
```
add, join
//the results of the survey are appended to this chapter"
```
143
sting
نیش، زخم نیش، سوزش
گزیدن، تیر کشیدن، نیش زدن
//- A bee stung him.
144
itch
خارش، جرب، خارش کردن، خاریدن
//I have an itch under my arm.
scratch
tingle
145
tissue
```
بافت
//a tissue of lies
- یک سلسله دروغ
//tissue grafting
- پیوند بافتنی
```
146
antivenin
ماده ضدسم
147
venom
| toxin
سم
148
venomous
| toxic
سمی
149
recluse
دورافتاده، تنها، منزوی، گوشه‌نشین
1- a person who does not want social contact, monk, nun, solitaire, solitary, troglodyte, introverted
2-unsociable, antisocial, isolated,
//a recluse life زندگی خلوت‌نشینانه
//a barren and recluse region سرزمین لم‌یزرع و دورافتاده
150
lasting
```
durable stable permanent پایدار
// lasting friendship
// lasting peace
```
151
descendant
```
نوادگان / نزولی
// in a descending order
// He used to say that computers are the descendants of the abacus.
```
152
ferocious
```
violent, barbaric
// a ferocious lion
// a ferocious killer
```
153
sprawl
spread stretch
lounge recline
//- The refugee camp has sprawled.
154
boon
```
benefit
//- Electricity and T.V. are among the boons of civilization.
```
155
major
1-specialize in a particular subject in college
//"I was trying to decide if I should major in drama or English"
// he is double majoring in architecture and computer science.
2- a field of study
//he decided on architecture as a major.
3-expert in a field
// he is an architecture major.
4- important huge
156
in spite of = Despite
+ noun, ...
| +the fact that ..., ...
157
dwarf
miniature, tiny
158
```
legislator
legislation
legislature
_______________________
legislate
_______________________
legislative
```
lawmaker lawgiver parliamentarian
_____________________________
law-making
____________________________
159
jam
مسدود کردن بستن
مسدود شدن بسته شدن
مربا
//- They had jammed nine people into a five-passenger car.
160
I have a go
| I had a go
```
try to do something
//I asked him if I could have a go at writing the proposal.
```
161
lad
پسر بچه
162
in bulk
- به‌طور عمده (در مقابل خرده‌فروشی)، بسته‌بندی نشده، به مقدار زیاد، قلمبه
163
overdraft
چک بی محل
164
paying-in slip
فیش واریز
165
lump sum
مبلغ یکجا
166
interest
سود بانکی، سود
علاقه ، علاقمند کردن
//this account has a variable rate of interest
//the interest rate is 3%
167
pension
مستمری بازنشستگی
benefits paid after retirement
//- She went to the company to draw her pension.
168
scale
ترازو
پولک فلس
مقیاس
169
airmail
surface mail
standard mail
swift mail
ارسال هوایی
ارسال دریایی
ارسال معمولی
ارسال سریع
170
eradicate
```
to destroy something completely
//"this disease has been eradicated from the world"
```
171
mortality
مرگ و میر
172
hygiene
بهداشت (اسم) cleanliness medicine
| "poor standards of food hygiene"
173
mortality
مرگ و میر
| mortality rates
174
tuberculosis
سل
175
cardiovascular
قلبی و رگی
176
empirical
تجربی
| practical, empiric, experient, experiential, experimental,
177
socioeconomic
اجتماعی و اقتصادی،
178
socioeconomic
اجتماعی و اقتصادی
179
assure
مطمئن کردن
تضمین کردن
بیمه کردن
180
paralysis
فلج ، از کار افتادگی
//the fast-acting venom causes paralysis, breathing difficulties, and sometimes death"
immobility, powerlessness, lack of sensation, numbness, deadness, incapacity, debilitation, paraplegia,
181
polio
فلج اطفال
182
tetanus
کزاز، تشنج
183
compensate for[] by []
```
//he compensated for his feelings of loneliness by assertions of superiority.
//his enthusiasm compensates for his lack of skill
```
184
trajectory
the path of something in motion
مسیر خط سیر
//When he was forty, the trajectory of his luck reached its highest point.
185
appreciate
1-(verb) be grateful, thankful, acknowledge, be obliged, enjoy, give thanks
//- I appreciate your help.
2-(verb) increase in worth, enhance, gain, grow, improve
//- the price of the house he bought last year has appreciated a lot.
3-(verb) recognize worth, be aware of, be cognizant of, be conscious of, catch the drift, comprehend, dig, fathom, grasp, know, perceive, read, realize, recognize, savvy, see daylight, sympathize with, take account of, understand
//- I appreciate the reasons for your anxiety.
4- value highly, admire, adore, applaud, apprise,
//- he appreciates music.
#deppreciate = decrease
186
hoof, hooves
سم کفشک، سم ها
187
mundane
| commonplace
```
ordinary normal usual
//- Be willing to do even mundane tasks.
//- Jet travel is now commonplace.
```
188
inaugurate
```
install begin به راه انداختن، دایرکردن، آغاز کردن
//- to inaugurate a new library
```
189
synchronizer
```
همزمان کردن
//- Let us synchronize our watches.
```
190
transit
rapid transit - mass transit
عبر کردن از یک مسیر/ منتقل کردن یک نفر یا یک چیز از یک مسیر
the carrying of people, goods, or materials from one place to another.
عبور, گذار
an act of passing through or across a place.
//"a painting was damaged in transit"
//"the first west-to-east transit of the Northwest Passage"
191
expose
1- افشا کردن reveal
//- This newspaper published a detailed expose of her private life.
2- subject to danger, endanger, در معرض گذاشتن
//- This coast is exposed to severe northerly winds.
192
sound
| soundness
1- adj: سالم ، بی عیب / قابل قبول ،منطقی ، قابل اعتماد / seem/عمیق
//he fell into a sound(عمیق) sleep
//It's an old building but it's still structurally sound.
2- v: به صدا درآوردن / به نظر رسیدن /آزمایش کردن چیزی برای درک حقیقت/ آزمایش عمیق چیزی
//- This music sounds beautiful.
//Your job sounds really interesting.
3- n: seem
//I like the sound of the beef in red wine sauce.(the sound of sth= seem)
193
apparatus
```
equipment
//- Firefighters used a breathing apparatus to enter the burning house.
```
194
hook up
```
قرار سکس گذاشتن
//He hooked up with the other members of the band in Amsterdam.
```
195
take something for granted
1-قبول داشتن /کردن چیزی بی چون و چرا
//It is taken for granted that women are better at cooking than men.
2- قدر چیزی رو ندونستن value something too lightly
//I'm tired of being taken for granted.
196
despondent
```
so sad, discouraged, depressed دلسرد
//despondent about his health
```
197
smuggle
| smuggler
قاچاق کردن
| قاچاقچی
198
menace
```
تهدید تهدید کردن
//- a letter full of menace
//- He shouted angry menaces at her.
```
199
eerie
spooky, frightening, strange
| ترساننده وهم آور
200
phantom
شبح، روح، وهم، خیال
201
limbs
دست و پا
202
amputate
```
قطع کردن ، بریدن
// The surgeon amputated Hassan's hand.
```
203
prodigy
شگفتی اعجوبه
genius mastermind
//"a Russian pianist who was a child prodigy in his day"
//"Germany seemed a prodigy of industrial discipline"
//child prodigies are highly intelligent
204
promise
قول قول دادن
//"he promised to forward my mail"
وعده دادن نوید دادن
//"forthcoming concerts promise a feast of music from around the world"
205
innate
inborn
natural
innate capacity
innate ability
//- an innate talent for painting
206
defect
| defective
```
نقص عیب کاستی
a shortcoming, imperfection, or lack.
//"genetic defects"
```
207
ingenuity
cleverness
208
reign
پادشاهی سلطنت
//- He reigned for thirty years.
حکومت کردن پلدشاهی کردن
//- Now that peace reigns over the night.
209
conscience
وجدان
| "he had a guilty conscience about his desires"
210
commission
| commissioner
ask sb to do sth (art project study)
a group of authorities assigned to regulate sth
head of commission
211
good value for money
```
worth it/it is not expensive
//The three-course menu is good value for money.
```
212
evict
بیرون کردن/ خارج کردن
213
proportionate (adj) to
| proportional(adj) to
```
//supply should be proportionate to demand
//"the punishment should be proportional to the crime"
```
214
preside
| president
```
ریاست کردن
//- You have to ask the presiding officer's permission.
```
215
seafarer
sailor boater
216
galore
```
بسیار فراوان
//- to teach students galore
//bargains galore
//The New York Transit Museum spans a full block underground, with vintage cars galore.
```
217
pertain
```
belong to, be a part of, be an adjunct of, go along with, be included in
//"the premises, stock, and all assets pertaining to the business"
```
218
leeway
```
درجه آزادی
freedom, scope, room to maneuver
//"the leeway is only about 2°"
```
219
objection
(Noun) ایراد، اعتراض، مخالفت، استدلال مخالف
protest, protestation, demur, demurrer, remonstrance, remonstration
//- She married Hassan despite her father's objection.
- علیرغم مخالفت پدرش با حسن ازدواج کرد.
220
designation
```
appointment, nomination, selection, choice
اسم، تخصیص
//- His designation as the leader of the party occasioned a great deal of objection.
```
221
mandate
حکم، فرمان، تعهد، اختیار
an official order or commission to do something.
"a mandate to seek the release of political prisoners"
222
incidence
```
1-rate of occurrence تعداد مقدار
//a high incidence of crime
//"a high incidence of diabetes"
2-occurrence event
3-
```
223
incidental
فرعی ، غیرمهم
minor
//incidental problems
224
incidentally
```
by the way, to change a subject
//- Incidentally, I wanted to have a word with you about your travel expenses.
```
225
navigate
1-plan and direct the route or course of a ship, aircraft, or other forms of transportation, especially by using instruments or maps.
//"they navigated by the stars"
2-sail or travel over (a stretch of water or terrain)
/"she navigated the car safely through the traffic"
226
chart
```
verb -to plan, map out , manage
بر روی نقشه نشان دادن، کشیدن، طرح کردن
//- Right now we must chart our course to prosperity.
```
227
chart
```
verb -to plan, map out, manage
بر روی نقشه نشان دادن، کشیدن، طرح کردن
//- Right now we must chart our course to prosperity.
```
228
celestial
```
heavenly, astronomical,
//celestial bodies اجرام آسمانی
// celestial city شهرالهی
```
229
equator
خط استوا
| ناحیه استوایی
230
it is crucial that it (should) get finished today
>> it is crucial that it get finished today
it is vital that she (should) get there now
>> it is vital that she get there now.
grammar
231
it is crucial that it (should) get finished today
>> it is crucial that it get finished today
it is vital that she (should) get there now
>> it is vital that she get there now.
it is important that he (should) know the truth.
>>it is important that he know the truth.
>>it important that you get a good night's sleep before the rest.
grammar
232
lodge
cabin cottage
233
cruise
گشت زدن
| سفر دریایی
234
carriageway
قسمت آسفالت جاده
235
carriage
کالسکه
236
irrigate
| irrigation
آبیاری کردن
| آبیاری
237
sprint
sprinting
sprinter
دو سرعت
| با حداکثر سرعت دویدن
238
fleet
```
fast, quick, light in movement
//fleetest prey
```
239
gazelle
| antelope
```
غزال
//fleet-footed gazelle
```
240
pronghorn
گوزن
241
clock
ساعت ، زمان سنج
محاسبه کردن سرعت بر حسب زمان
//- His speed was clocked at two hundred miles per hour.
242
falcon
شاهین
243
ostrich
شتر مرغ
244
roadrunner
| coyote
میگ میگ
| گرگه
245
arctic
شمالی
246
tern
seabird
247
eel
مار ماهی
248
mating (mate)
| calving (calve)
جفت گیری
زاییدن
//- Whales go south for mating and calving.
249
puffin
مرغ دریایی
250
superb
```
excellent admireable
//- under his superb leadership
```
251
leap
جهش
پریدن
//- Knowledge took a great leap forward.
252
hurdle
مانع
از روی مانع پریدن
//- The next hurdle is finding a house.
//- We hurdled many obstacles.
253
rhinoceros beetle
سوسک شاخدار
254
homebody
```
خانه نشین
//"since his marriage, Brett has become a homebody"
```
255
clumsy
clumsily
clumsiness
کس دست ، بی هنر ، بدقواره
256
nimble
```
زیرک ، تیزهوش، تند اندیش، هشیار، چست
//- she has a nimble mind.
//- he has a nimble tongue.
```
257
underestimate
```
دست کم گرفتن، کم بها دادن به، ناچیز پنداشتن، کوچک شمردن
//- Don't ever underestimate the strength of this storm!
```
258
hyena
کفتار، خائن
259
gland
غده
260
pant
```
نفس‌نفس زدن، تند نفس کشیدن
//- The runners were panting for a few minutes after the race.
```
261
stride
```
گام‌های بلند برداشتن، با قدم پیمودن،
//- A tall man was striding along the road.
```
262
recoil
یکه خوردن
263
sneak
```
دزدکی حرکت کردن، خود را پنهان ساختن، حرکت پنهانی
//- He sneaked into the hall.
```
264
preliminary
introductory initially
265
elemental
| elementary
بنیادی مقدماتی
266
excessive
```
too much
//excessive force
//excessive amount
//excessive noise
//excessive demands
```
267
exceed
```
//- to exceed one's expectation
//- to exceed the speed limit
//- The weight of your suitcase exceeds the legal limit.
```
268
sole
sole survivor
| sole authority
269
gizmo
gadgets
270
adept [at]
```
very good at
//we humans are quite adept at playing soccer
```
271
drill
مته ، مته زدن
//- A drill is used to bore holes.
مشق، تمرین دادن
//- I drilled my students in the use of irregular verbs.
272
hum
| humming
وزوز کردن
صدای همهمه
//- A bee was humming around my head.
273
mediate
میانی وسطی
پا در میانی کردن ، وساطت کردن
//- He mediated the implementation of a cease-fire.
274
cease
```
stop, conclude, back off, break off, bring to an end, call it a day, call it quits, close, closeout, come to an end
//- Hostilities must cease at once!
//- The snow ceased and once again the sun is shining.
```
275
Come at a price
```
To have a negative or unpleasant consequence due to some action.
//I got the promotion, but it came at a price, as my ruthless behavior alienated a lot of people.
```
276
fiddle
ویالون
کار بیهوده کردن ، ور رفتن
//- He fiddled with the radio so much that it broke.
//- Don't fiddle with your tie!
277
deficit
```
shortage lack of
//- a budget deficit
```
278
drowsy
```
خواب آلود
//- The medicine made me drowsy.
```
279
fatigue
| fatigued
```
خستگی ، افسردگی
//- Fatigue is one of the causes of car accidents.
```
280
in light of sth
due to, informed by
because of a particular fact
//In light of your good driving record, we’ve decided to overlook this offense.
281
intoxicate
| intoxicated
```
مست کردن
مست
drunk
hard-drinking
hungover
```
282
consistent
```
without variation and contradiction
موافق سازگار
//- His deeds were not consistent with his words.
==================
محکم استوار منسجم
constant dependable rational
//- consistent soil
```
283
bond
```
وابستگی ، قید، زنجیر
//- The prisoner could not free himself from his bonds.
//- the bond between mother and child
//- bonds of friendship
//- Marriage is a permanent bond.
```
284
forthcoming
```
upcoming approaching
//- The author's forthcoming book.
```
285
retain
retention
retentive
```
maintain
//- She retained her shape even long after death.
//- Our party has retained its majority.
```
286
scheme
طرح برنامه نقشه
//- a new scheme for rural electrification
نقشه طرح کردن، توطئه چیدن
//- His enemies were scheming his expulsion.
287
subordinate
وابسته ، زیر دست
- subordinate nations
- All the other projects are subordinate to this one.
وابسته کردن ، تحت سلطه درآوردن
- We must subordinate our passions to reason.
288
jumper
بلوز
289
shoulder strap
بند چرمی که روی شانه میندازند
290
goggles
عینک ایمنی
291
"a feature-length documentary"
به اندازه معمول
| داکیمنتری به اندازه معمول
292
turn a profit
make a profit
293
dazzle
```
(v) amaze confuse
//moviemakers always dazzle us with their visual effects
```
294
gimmick
```
trick
//"it is not so much a program to improve services as a gimmick to gain votes"
```
295
patron
1-sponsor, backer, financier, subsidizer
//"a celebrated patron of the arts"
2-customer, client, frequented, shopper, buyer, purchaser
//"we surveyed the plushness of the hotel and its sleek, well-dressed patrons"
296
jolt
تکان دادن، تکان خوردن
تکان
//- The car went over a bump and my neck got jolted.
297
wizard
```
magician
//- a financial wizard
```
298
puppet
عروسک دست نشانده
299
porch
ایوان
300
relentless
cruel
301
decisive
| decisively
با‌قاطعیت، بی‌تردید، به‌طور مسلم، مصممانه
302
parade
```
رژه
//- The soldiers paraded down Saadi avenue.
```
303
arch-worrier
آدم استرسی
304
confer [on]
conference
1- اعطا کردن -grant or bestow (a title, degree, right).
//"moves were made to confer an honorary degree on her"
2- have discussions; exchange opinions.
"the officials were conferring with allies"
305
diminish
```
become less
//- Her strength has diminished considerably.
```
306
incorporate
```
1. include,subsume,integrate,take in
//"he has incorporated in his proposals a large number of measures"
2. combine (ingredients) into one substance.
//"add the cheeses and butter and process briefly to incorporate them"
3. constitute (a company, city) as a legal corporation.
//"limited liability companies could only be incorporated under the 1930 Act"
```
307
rudimentary
basic, fundamental
308
nauseous
```
تهوع‌آور
//- She was nauseous during the voyage.
```
309
gale
violent storm
310
repertoire
```
a stock of plays, dances, or pieces that a company or a performer knows or is prepared to perform.
//"the mainstream concert repertoire"
```
311
crow
کلاغ
، اهرم، دیلم
بانگ زدن، بانگ خروس
- The crow says, "caw, caw..."
312
entity
1-existence, being
//entity and nonentity
2-institution, organization
//Church and empire were fused in a single entity.
313
Concurrent
```
done at the same time.
همزمان, موافق
//"There are three concurrent art fairs around the city"
```
314
olfactory
relating to the sense of smell.
| "the olfactory organs"
315
chirp
جیر جیر
316
flux
```
state of constant change, alteration, change, flow, fluctuation,
//- Fashion is always in a state of flux.
//"since the fall of the wall Berlin has been a city in flux"
```
317
pitch
```
1- throw
//- Her pitch (of the ball) was quite off the mark.
//- He pitched the ball and I batted it.
2-tone of sound
//- a high-pitched voice
3-tilt
//- to pitch a tent
4-descend
//- Here the road turns and pitches sharply.
```
318
feed (into) something
| fed (into) something
```
to insert or input something into something, such as a machine. In this usage, a noun or pronoun can be used between "feed" and "into."
//I fed a dollar bill into the vending machine and contemplated my options.
```
319
pour (something)(into)
He poured me a drink.
| the cement is poured into the concrete mixture.
320
momentum
شتاب ، نیروی جنبشی
321
speculator
نوسانگیر بازار
322
botanist
گیاه‌شناس، متخصص گیاه‌شناسی
323
commerce
buying and selling, business, dealing, exchange, industry, marketing, merchandising, merchantry, retailing, trade
324
propagate
1-breed, reproduce تکثیر کردن، زیاد کردن، پروردن، قلمه زدن
//- Rabbits propagate rapidly.
2-spread, broadcast, پخش کردن، پخش شدن، رواج دادن
//- Radio waves were propagated over long distances.
325
volatile
explosive, changeable
| فررار ، بی ثبات
326
tulip
گل لاله
327
denote
```
indicate
//- A red flag denotes danger.
//- Dark clouds denote rain.
```
328
anecdote
an interesting or amusing story
| fairy tale
329
enliven
زندگی بخشیدن، حیات بخشیدن، جان دادن، نیرودادن، روح بخشیدن، روح دادن
330
plague
```
افت، بلا، سرایت مرض، طاعون
//- Wild dogs are a plague to squatters.
//- Rebel soldiers were a plague upon the villages.
```
331
havoc
```
خرابی، غارت، ویران کردن
//- the havoc and loss of life caused by the earthquake
// wreak havoc
```
332
conform
adapt, match
333
deduce
1- figure out, understand
//- The facts made me deduce that he wouldn't come.
2-کم کردن
334
consent
```
to permit, approve, or agree; comply or yield
//He consented to the proposal.
//We asked her permission, and she consented.
```
335
hunch
1- ظن، گمان، احساس وقوع امری در آینده
//- I had a hunch that she would not come.
2-خم کردن، به‌شکل قوز درآوردن، تنه زدن
336
apprehensive
```
anxious, fearful
//- The jobless old man was apprehensive of the future.
```
337
phenomenal
```
شگفت‌انگیز، فوق‌العاده
//- Crop yields have been phenomenal.
```
338
dazzling
خیره‌کننده
339
Disseminate
Publish broadcast spread
340
rudimentary
ابتدایی : elementary
341
Aviation
هوانوردی : aviation, navigation
342
Sceptical
| Scepticism
دیر باور
| شک گرایی
343
derision
تمسخر : ridicule, derision, scorn, mock
344
rigorous
سخت : hard, difficult, tough, strict, rigid
345
Brink
لب، کنار، حاشیه
| Sth is on the brink of collapse
346
faint
ضعف : weakness, faint, infirmity, asthenia
347
plausible
پذیرفتنی : acceptable, plausible
348
eccentric
غیر عادی : unusual, abnormal, uncommon
349
esoteric
رمزی : coded, symbolic, secret, encoded
350
perish
نابود کردن : destroy, annihilate, expunge
351
advent
ظهور و ورود
| - The advent of computers changed the world.
352
faculty
استعداد : talent, flair, aptitude, gift, capacity, faculty
قوه ذهنی : faculty, mentality
استادان دانشکده یا دانشگاه : faculty
353
prodigy
اعجوبه : monster, prodigy, wonder
354
perpetuate
همیشگی کردن : perpetuate
355
ambivalent
دمدمی : quirky, ambivalent, fickle, fitful, chimerical, freakish
دارای دو جنبه : ambivalent
356
privileged
ممتاز : privileged, excellent, distinguished, outstanding, illustrious, preferential
خاص : specific, special, particular, own
357
mundane
دنیوی : worldly, mundane, secular
358
mediocre
متوسط : average, middle, medium
359
emulate
برابری جستن با : emulate
| تقلید کردن : imitate, mimic, emulate
360
Unplatable
not tasty, not appealing to the palate ( سلیقه کام)
361
delegate
representative, agent, alternate, ambassador,
362
fire away
used to give someone permission to begin speaking, typically to ask questions.
"I want to clear up some questions that have been puzzling me.” “Fire away.”
363
dozen
```
12
//- a dozen eggs
//- She had dozens of suitors.
```
364
drawing pin
پونز
365
stain remover
محلول برای پاک کردن لکه، لک زدا
366
hole punch
دستگاه پانچ
367
I could do with a hand/use a hand
(=it would be useful to have some help)
| We could certainly do with a hand.
368
spare
یدک، یدکی/ بخشیدن، برای یدکی نگاه داشتن، در ذخیره نگاه داشتن/ لاغر نحیف،
forgive; have mercy upon
I don't think I can spare anyone to give you a hand
369
disseminate
تخم کاشتن، منتشرکردن
| - the information disseminated by the radio
370
disseminate
| semination
تخم کاشتن، منتشرکردن
| - the information disseminated by the radio
371
inscribe
```
نوشتن، نقش کردن حکاکی کردن، ثبت کردن
//- Their names were inscribed on a large metal plate.
```
372
necessitate
وادار کردن، مجبور کردن، نیازمند کردن
| - Bad weather necessitated a few changes in our plans.
373
realm
قلمرو سلطان، متصرفات، مملکت، ناحیه
| - the defence of the realm
374
encompass
شامل بودن، دربرگرفتن، محاصره کردن
- A thick fog encompassed the building.
- The book encompasses a variety of subjects.
375
provoke
تحریک کردن، دامن زدن، برانگیختن / برافروختن،خشمگین کردن
376
derision
ریشخند، خندستانی، مایه خنده و تمسخر
| - His foreign accent provoked the students' derision.
377
sceptical
| sceptics
شکاک، کم‌باور، ایراد‌گیر
378
rule out
exclude, reject
خارج کردن، منتفی کردن
نپذیرفتن، نفی کردن
غیر محتمل پنداشتن
379
plausible
باورکردنی، پذیرفتنی، قابل‌استماع، محتمل
| - What you say is plausible but I don't believe it.
380
seesaw
الاکلنگ، بالا و پایین روی، الاکلنگ‌بازی کردن
| - The battle became a seesaw between the offensive and the defensive.
381
feeble
weak
| - a feeble old man
382
fury
غضب، غیظ، هیجان شدید و تند، خشم، درنده خویی، روح انتقام، آشوب، اضطراب، شدت
- He threw the glass at me in fury.
383
exorable
دل‌رحم، نرم
384
inexorable
بی‌امان، بی‌وقفه، چاره‌ناپذیر، اجتناب‌ناپذیر، تغییر‌ناپذیر
سخت، رام‌نشدنی، یکدنده
- an inexorable enemy
385
bait
طعمه، دادن طعمه
عصبانی کردن کسی
//- Worms are good fish bait.
386
minefield
میدان مین
| جای خطرناک، موقعیتی که احتمال خطر هست
387
- Haste makes waste.
(عجله کار شیطان است).
388
impromptu
immediately, promptly, improvised, unprepared
389
rehearse
```
prepare for performance / گفتن، تمرین کردن، تکرار کردن
//The advertisement rehearsed the many products of our company.
//- Before the night of the play's opening, we must rehearse it three more times.
```
390
wager
n-money or something gambled
| v-bet money or something else in a gamble
391
appraise
estimate, calculate, assess
392
appraise
```
estimate, calculate, assess
//- The insurance company's appraiser appraises the damages.
```
393
ox
گاو نر
394
slaughter
kill, killing
395
fantasy
وهم، هوس، نقشه خیالی
- He lives in a world of fantasy.
- the fantasies which the girl had nurtured
396
fancy
```
VERB_________________________
1: LIKE
//He's all right, I suppose, but I can't say that I fancy him.
2: IMAGINE
//Just fancy my surprise when I heard that he was getting married.
3: to believe mistakenly or without evidence
//she fancied she had met him before
NOUN_________________________
1: LOVE ( take a fancy)
She took a fancy to the young man.
2: imagination
His plans to build a new stadium are the product of pure fancy.
ADJECTIVE_____________________
1: ORNAMENTAL
a fancy hairdo
2: SWANK
a fancy restaurant
3: IMPRESSIVE
posted some fancy numbers
b: EXTRAVAGANT
paying fancy prices
```
397
swank
شیک و با شکوه
398
contest
مباحثه کردن، مسابقه، رقابت، دعوا
399
contestant
ستیزه‌جو، مسابقه‌دهنده، مدافع
400
stumble
لغزیدن، سکندری خوردن
401
ridicule
| ridiculous
مسخره کردن
402
scoff [at]
| scoffed
مسخره کردن mock, ridicule, make fun of, tease
//" You, a scientist?” he scoffed"
he scoffed at the idea...
403
chronicle
```
تاریخچه
//- This chronicle was written about a thousand years ago.
```
404
narrative
| narrate
داستان حکایت روایت
| داستانی را تعریف کردن، داستان‌سرایی کردن
405
mania
```
دیوانگی، شیدایی
//- a mania for dancing
```
406
folly
نابخردی، ابلهی، ساده‌لوحی، نادانی، بی‌خردی، قباحت
| - Buying this rusted bicycle is folly.
407
herd
رمه، گله، گروه، جمعیت
large group
gather
408
immense (adj)
extremely large
409
riot
```
آشوب، شورش/ شورش کردن
//- The students rioted and broke windows.
//- to quell a riot
```
410
wreak
```
bring about, cause
//"torrential rainstorms wreaked havoc yesterday"
```
411
consensus
```
general agreement
//- There is broad consensus on this issue.
```
412
compromise
```
مصالحه، توافق، مصالحه کردن، تسویه کردن
//- The London weather is a compromise between rain and fog.
//- The married couple compromised on whether to buy a rug or a car.
```
413
conform
```
مطابقت کردن، وفق دادن adapt
to give the same shape, outline, or contour to: bring into harmony or accord
//conform furrows to the slope of the land
```
414
pitch
```
VERB
1- tilt, put up
2-throw, hurl sling پرتاب کردن
3-dive, roll
NOUN
1-زیر‌و‌بمی صدا tone of sound
```
415
deficit
```
کمبود، کسر، shortage of something needed, required
//- a budget deficit
- کسر بودجه
```
416
exacerbate
```
infuriate; make worse aggravate بدترکردن، تشدید کردن، برانگیختن
//- The noise exacerbated my headache.
//- Drought exacerbated the situation.
```
417
detrimental
destroying destructive damaging
| the detrimental effect of traffic will ...
418
intrusive
```
interfering
//She tried to be helpful without being intrusive.
```
419
promulgate
اعلام کردن، انتشار دادن، ترویج کردن make known
| - to promulgate education
420
allege
assert claim
421
polymath
scientist
422
innermost
| inmost
```
inner personal
// She revealed her inmost thoughts and feelings.
```
423
desolate
1-abandoned unoccupied unused
2-depressed
3- ویران کردن غارت کردن
424
ravage
```
ویران کردن غارت کردن
//The house was saved from ravage by fire.
```
425
thwart
```
بی‌نتیجه گذاردن، خنثی کردن، حائل کردن، عقیم گذاردن stop, hinder
//- All the priests in the world have not been able to thwart lovers.
```
426
rule out
```
exclude, reject
//heavy rain ruled out the picnic
```
427
dispirit
افسرده کردن، دلسردکردن، روحیه را باختن
| become quite dispirited.
428
dog
follow seek chase pursue
| مثل دنبال کردن
429
spectacle
```
منظره، نمایش
//- The opening of the parliament was an unforgettable spectacle.
```
430
march
```
walk with deliberation
//- We were too tired to begin another march.
```
431
naysayer
pessimist
| بدبین
432
impede
```
delay or prevent (someone or something) by obstructing them; hinder.
//- Heavy snow impeded our progress.
```
433
rambling
بی‌ربط، پرت، نامربوط disconnected, wordy
434
plague
```
بلا، سرایت مرض
//- The bad-tempered woman was her husband's plague.
```
435
Curse
نفرین، دشنام
//The witch put a curse on them.
- ساحره آنها را نفرین کرد
436
conjecture
```
حدس، ظن، گمان speculation, assumption
//- political ideas based on conjectures
```
437
bombard
بمباران کردن، بتوپ بستن
438
intertwine
```
درهم پیچیدن، درهم بافتن، درهم بافته شدن، تقاطع کردن، به‌هم تابیدن twist
//- The bride and groom's fingers were intertwined.
```
439
set out
شروع کردن -Start activity with the intention of finishing it
440
custom
1. ritual, traditional action رسم سنت
2. habitual action عادت
//This is his daily custom.
// one of the customs prevailing in Ahvaz
441
costume
| costumer
لباس، جامه، لباس محلی
| خیاط لباس
442
customer
مشتری
443
nocuous
| innocuous
زیان آور
| بی ضرر
444
offset
```
compensate balance جبران کردن
//credits offset debits
//his speed offset his opponent's greater weight
```
445
bid
1-offering of money or services
- The highest bidder.
- کسی که بیشترین قیمت را پیشنهاد می‌کند.
446
dilute
```
weaken by spreading thin
//as a company grows its talent becomes diluted.
```
447
lofty
```
noble
//lofty thoughts
```
448
scrutiny
close examination
| close inspection
449
toat
promote publicize خریدار پیدا کردن، مشتری جلب کردن،
450
boil down
```
خلاصه کردن / کم کردن
//his speech boiled down to a plea for more money
//your choices boil down to three
```
451
dispense
| dispensable
معاف کردن بخشیدن
صرف‌نظر کردنی، غیرضروری، چشم‌پوشیدنی
//- Basic food is not dispensable but luxuries are quite dispensable.
452
refugee
| Fugitive
فراری تبعیدی
453
empathize
همدلی کردن
454
saline
salty
455
polemic
بحث و جدل
| جدلی
456
invective
insulting or abusive language
| پرخاش، سخن حمله‌آمیز، طعن، ناسزاگویی
457
aptitude
```
1- inclination
2-talent
//an aptitude for hard work
//an aptitude for gymnastics
//an aptitude for languages
```
458
propound
| propounded
to offer, to propose
459
tenet
```
belief
//- the basic tenets of his thoughts
```
460
undercut
| undercutting
```
to offer to sell at lower prices
//- The Chinese undercut their competitors and still make a profit.
```
461
ail
ailing
ailed
ails
```
hurt
//His back has been ailing him.
//It's good for what ails you.
//What's ailing you?
```
462
blade
تیغه
| knife blade
463
propeller
پروانه هواپیما و کشتی و غیره
464
seaweed
جلبک دریایی، خزه دریایی
465
superfluous
extra, unnecessary
466
turning point
نقطه تحول ، نقطه عطف
467
empirical
تجربی
468
relic
antique
469
infallible
```
لغزش‌ناپذیر، مصون از خطا، منزه از گناه
//- Only God is infallible.
```
470
testimony
```
گواهی، شهادت، تصدیق، مدرک، دلیل، اظهار
//- She is to give testimony tomorrow.
```
471
reenactment
اجرا مجدد
472
vulgarisation
عوام پسند سازی
473
transitory
ناپایدار، فانی، زودگذر، بی‌بقا
| temporary, brief
474
premise
hypothesis, argument
475
ripe
fully grown, mature
476
ridge
= edge, point
477
crimson
= deep red in colour
478
grove
= plantation, copse, a piece of land with trees growing on it
