Writing Flashcards
(170 cards)
1
Q
juvenescent
A
youth young
2
Q
on the rise
A
increase
3
Q
aggression
A
violence
4
Q
social bias
A
social discrimination
5
Q
paucity of
dearth of
A
lack of
6
Q
stifle
curb
constrain
restrict
A
limit
7
Q
capital punishment
corporal punishment
A
اعدام
تنبیه فیزیکی
8
Q
curricular
curriculum
A
مرتبط با برنامه درسی
برنامه درسی
9
Q
council
counsel | consult
A
انجمن
مشورت کردن
10
Q
preservation
conservation
A
نگهداری
11
Q
flout
violate
breach (the norms/of peace /of contract / of trust)
A
زیر پا گذاشتن
- He floated the conventions of his society.
- This act violates the terms of the treaty.
12
Q
dire consequences
A
عواقب ناگوار
13
Q
truancy ditch abandon evade absenteeism
A
not going to school
14
Q
are of the mind
are of the opinion
A
بر این باورند
15
Q
didactic
A
educational
16
Q
contentious matter argumentative debatable quarrelsome disputable controversial
A
موضوع جنجال برانگیز
17
Q
subscribe to something
A
claim at
assert that
presume
assume
18
Q
followed my own opinion
A
به همراه نظر من
19
Q
sabbatical
A
مرخصی طولانی
The American worker needs a sabbatical
20
Q
lagging behind
A
عقب افتادن یک چیزی
21
Q
merit /demerit
A
advantage/ disadvantage
22
Q
following sth (following causes)
upcoming sth
forthcoming
next
A
..
23
Q
drawback pernicious effect deleterious effect downside pitfall
A
negative effects
24
Q
implementation
A
اجرا
25
outweigh
غلبه کردن
26
people from all walks of life
مردم از هر قشری
27
require
ضروری بایستن
| نیاز داشتن
28
justifiable
موجه
| there is no justifiable reason for this issue
29
enthralling
هیجان انگیز
30
saver
enjoy
31
analogy
similar
identical
30%
70%
90%
32
unequivocal
clear
obvious
vivid
33
commodity
merchandise
product
goods
34
merchant
تاجر
35
sth is derived from
sth originates from
sth stems partly from
نشات میگیرد از
36
```
firstly
first and foremost
primarily
initially
to begin with
to commence
```
اولین
37
related to this issue
associated with this issue
affiliated with this issue
concerning this issue
در رابطه با این موضوع
38
as an example
this is illustrated by the fact that
as an epitome
take ..... as an example
به عنوان مثال
39
penetrate
| penetration
نفوذ کردن
| نفوذ
40
counterpart
| peer
همتا
| a peer group
41
truancy
| play truant
غیبت
غیبت کردن
skip class
42
intend
tendency
attend
قصد داشتن want
تمایل داشتن
حضور داشتن
43
sth that could account for
به شمار میاد
44
financial strains
فشارهای اقتصادی
45
families are dual-income
خانواده ها دو درآمدی هستند
46
offspring
kids
47
```
furthermore
moreover
in addition
additionally
besides
whats is more,
```
علاوه بر این ،
48
morose
| moroseness
گوشه گیر
49
bring about
lead to
give rise to
Inactivity leads to irresponsibility.
| I love anything that brings about positive change.
50
prospect
چشم انداز
51
```
compel
force
constrain
oblige
enforce
```
مجبور کردن
52
prospect
| anticipate
چشم انداز
| انتظار داشتن
53
seek to [sought]
تلاش کردن
| طلب کردن
54
advocate
advocates
#opponents
چون فعله ادووکِیت خونده میشه] دفاع کردن]
چون اسمه ادووکتس خونده میشه] مدافعان]
proponents
exponents
favor : طرفداری کردن
55
put surveillance on sth
تحت نظارت قرار دادن
56
state
establishment
the authorities
people involved
government
57
provided
providing
supposing
as long as
if
| provided I had money I would go to vegas
58
the stigma attached to it
لکه ننگ این مسئله
59
cooperate
| collaborate
همکاری کردن
60
it should be given priority
| it should be prioritized
باید اولویت داده بشه
61
abhor
detest
loath
hate
hate فعل
62
```
hatred
aversion
repulsion
disgust
abhorrence
```
(تنفر(اسم
63
my hatred towards somebody
I hate somebody
64
```
conspicuous (conspicuousness)
noticeable
remarkable
significant
noteworthy
notable
considerable
striking
```
قابل توجه
65
fluctuate (v)
fluctuant (adj)
fluctuation (n)
نوسان داشتن
66
bottom out
minimom
67
upward trend
| downward trend
روند روبه بالا و پایین
68
stabilize
level off
reach a plateau
ثبات داشتن
69
```
experience
witness
face
observe
see
```
وقتی گراف یک چیزی را تجربه می کند
70
expenditure
خرج و مخارج
71
utilized
استفاده شده
72
lay egg
| spawn
تخم گزاری
| تخم گزاری ماهی
73
```
require
entail
comprise
involve
contain
encompass
compass
include
```
تشکیل شدن
شامل شدن
this process requires 2 steps
74
species
| breed
گونه
75
```
segregate (into) جدا شدن
dispart (into)
separate
divide (into) تقسیم شدن
```
segregated school # mixed school
76
including 1 2 3
1 2 3 شاملِ
77
belonging (to)
که تعلق دارد به
78
application of
ِِکابری
79
undergo a change
تغییر کرد
80
```
makeup
account for
stand at
become
reach
constitute
```
به جای was در رایتینگ
81
respectively
به ترتیب
82
grow
jump
leap
increase
83
deviate
منحرف کردن
84
```
Regarding X,
as regards X,
when it comes to X,
concerning X,
turning to X,
```
در رابطه با موضوع ایکس
regarding possible solutions
85
approximately
roughly
almost
تقریبا
86
chamber
room
87
practical solution
blanket solution
logical solution
comprehensive solution
long-term solution
short-term solution
..
88
household
خانوار
| خانواده
89
distress
نگران کردن
| درد، سختی
90
famine
قحطی
91
pupil
student
92
vandal
| vandalism
خرابگر
| وحشیگری و خرابکاری
93
diverse .....( interests)
| diverse kinds of ....
علایق) گوناگون، متنوع)
94
turning to possible remedies
| turning to possible blanket solutions
اول پاراگرافای سولوشن
95
tempting
وسوسه کننده
| تحریک کننده
96
such sth
such leaves مرخصی های اینچنینی
| such works کاره های اینچنینی
97
sth does not cost sth anything
such leave does not cost the company anything
این مرخصی ها برای کارخانه هیچ هزینه ای ندارد
- This mistake will cost you.
- How much does this cost?
98
downsize downscale
| upsize upscale
کوچیک کردن
| بزرگ کردن
99
sth is required to do sth
| sth needs to do sth
فلان چیز لازم است همچین کاری را انجام دهد
100
possess
have
101
in the way that ....
اینجوری که
102
incentive
motivation
| encouragement
103
acquire
| require
gain, achieve acquire knowledge
| need, necessary
104
competence
quality in sth, power
| students will acquire competence in a wide range of skills
105
well-rounded
comprehensive
| well-rounded education
106
well-mannered
خوش رفتار
107
foster
improve
108
outperform
are better than...
| private schools outperform public schools based on more flexible and advanced academic and extracurricular programs
109
aptitude
تیزهوشی
| he has a natural aptitude for teaching
110
excel at/in sth
بهتر از بقیه بودن در چیزی
| rick has always excelled at foreign languages
111
academic
استاد دانشگاه
112
in succession
in a row
113
an array of sth
who can do an array of various jobs
114
take in sth
learn sth
115
criminality
| criminal
جرم و جنایت
| جنایی
116
by doing so
as a result of doing this
| only by doing so can criminal attacks be tracked
117
approach
come near or nearer to
speak for the first time
رویکرد
118
rubber
پلاستیک
| پاک کن
119
school badge on a blazer
نشان مدرسه روی پیرهن مردانه
120
bright hair [makes sb [stand out]
attracts attentions
121
strike ; struck ; [struck ~ stricken= affected]
i was struck by the resemblance
the men decided to strike for higher wages
he struck me in the face
people are on the strike over sth
ضربه، اصابت، برخورد، اعتصاب
122
bay
خلیج کوچک
123
write up
explain
124
get into sth
to become interested in sth
| The bosses of the dairy company are now getting into yogurt and ice cream in a big way.
125
from the 2000s onwards
از سال 2000 به بعد
126
encounter
مواجه شدن
127
underlying
basic original
| the underlying cause
128
prevalent
accepted widespread
129
counter-intuitive
بر خلاف انتظار
| In what would be the final game of 2020 against Baylor, Heefner offered a counterintuitive suggestion
130
ambitious
adj: desiring success /demanding
- The company was created by two very ambitious young men in the early 1900s.
- This 500-page book is her most ambitious effort yet.
131
so that
Indicates purpose; in order that, with the result that.
He must die so that others might live.
Indicates purpose; in such a way that, with the intent that.
He tied a complex knot so that others would find it hard to undo.
132
in doing so
while doing so
| I ran out the door, in doing so I slipped on the ice outside.
133
by doing so
because I did so
134
inline with...,
in alignment or accordance with.
| مطابق با ...،
135
low-status individuals
low in station or rank or fortune or estimation
136
impose
تحمیل کردن
| governments have imposed "green taxes" on drivers, airline companies, and other polluters
137
place importance on something
similar words:
place emphasis on...
place limitations on...
companies should place as much importance on social responsibilities as they do on financial profits.
the importance placed on ...
138
make a good contribution to ...
| limit our contribution to ...
کمک کردن به یک اتفاق خوب یا بد
139
... in favour of ...
instead of
| for backing or supporting
140
virtue
حسن ، فضیلت، ستودگی
advantage
- the many virtues of fasting.
141
toddler
baby, child, infant, kid, little one, preschooler, rug rat, tot, youngster
142
long run
long term
143
vandalism
destruction, defacing, graffiti, mischief, ravaging, ruin, sacking, smashing, trashing, wreckage, wrecking
No arrests have been made yet in the vandalism, Charleston Police told Fox News.
144
a decisive moment
- لحظه‌ای سرنوشت‌ساز
145
Compensation
غرامت خسارت جبران
146
apprenticeship
شاگرد، شاگردی کردن، کارآموز
147
communal
اشتراکی collective; shared
| - the problems of communal living
148
give rise to
cause to happen. lead
| "decisions which give rise to arguments"
149
deter
prevent, stop, put a stop to
| - Fear of atomic retaliation deterred the communists from attacking.
150
to rid sm of sth
be rid of
get rid of sth
You must rid yourself of these childish thoughts.
| He couldn't wait to retire and be rid of his many responsibilities.
151
hurdle
مانع مشکل
| handicap difficulty barrier, obstacle
152
deprive
| deprived
محروم کردن
| محروم شده
153
ever since
continually or often from a past time until now;
We both liked the idea and have been working on it ever since.
I went to the festival its first year and have been returning ever since.
I met Harry in high school and we’ve been friends ever since.
Ever since his wife left him, he’s had a drinking problem.
154
thereby
بدان وسیله، از آن راه، به‌موجب آن، درنتیجه
| - They wore women's clothes, thereby escaping the police.
155
move to tears
| sb move sb to tears
```
to cause (someone) to cry
Everyone in the audience was moved to tears by their performance.
```
156
arbitrary
دلخواه ، اختیاری، dictatorial رندوم شخصی
"his mealtimes were entirely arbitrary"
"arbitrary rule by King and bishops has been made impossible"
157
in the course of —
during در طی ، در مدت
"a new textbook was in the course of preparation"
"he was a friend to many people in the course of his life"
158
recession
reduction of market activity, bad times, bankruptcy, big trouble
کسادی ، پس رفت
the recession of optimism
the recession of a glacier
159
net zero
Put simply, net-zero refers to the balance between the amount of greenhouse gas produced and the amount removed from the atmosphere. We reach net zero when the amount we add is no more than the amount taken away.
"General Services Administration has sealed an unusual deal to guarantee the achievement of net-zero energy consumption in a federal facility "
"By 2020 all new homes built in California will have to be net-zero buildings that produce enough power to offset all their energy needs "
160
amass
| amassed
گرداوری کردن
| gathering collecting
161
Scrutiny
Survey
| Detailed examination
162
in the case of (someone or something)
در مورد...
Regarding, in the matter of, in that instance.
-For example, In the case of James, they decided to promote him to the next grade.
-Well, in the case of your sister, we didn't have to give her a curfew because she never stayed out late.
163
volatility
```
بی ثبات ، نوسان
a tendency to change quickly and unpredictably
-price volatility
-the volatility of the stock market
-the volatility of the region
-the volatility of his temper
```
164
escalate -escalated
| waste costs escalated
increase
165
equivalent
معادل، هم‌ارز
analogous comparable similar
"one unit is equivalent to one glass of wine"
166
bottom out- bottomed out
reached its minimum level
167
level out -levelled out-
decreased(or increased) and stayed at a constant number
168
ambiguous equivocal
two-sided
169
ambiguous equivocal vague imprecise inexact in explicit
two-sided
170
ambiguous equivocal vague imprecise inexact in explicit uncertain
two-sided
