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BCIA Exam > Instrumentation For Neurofeedback > Flashcards

Instrumentation For Neurofeedback Flashcards

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1
Q

EOG artifact in EEG recording is due to

A

Electrical potential differences between the aqueous and vitreous humors of the eye

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2
Q

I blinks an eye movements, produce artifacts that may fall within the _______ range

A

Delta and theta

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3
Q

What is related to EEG signal frequency

A

Cycles per second

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4
Q

If your voltage is 24 & resistance is 2, current is ______ amperes.

A

12

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5
Q

Which band pass can be used to measure alpha EEG activity.

A

8 - 12 Hz

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6
Q

And impedance meter measures the quality of skin – electric contact in

A

Kohms

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7
Q

What is specified in dB/octave?

A

Filter Slope

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8
Q

Power refers to the square of signal

A

Amplitude

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9
Q

________ artifact is usually the strongest source of contamination during EEG recording.

A

Sixty Hz (50 Hz)

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10
Q

What can worse than movement artifact in EEG recording

A

Lengthening the EEG cable

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11
Q

SMR activity can be detected from

A

12-15 Hz

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12
Q

The majority of EEG power falls between

A

0-20 Hz

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13
Q

The EEG primarily reflects, graded _________ Potentials in _______

A

Excitatory and inhibitory

Dendrites

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14
Q

What EEG landmark is closest to the ear

A

Preauricular point

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15
Q

In North America, contamination from line, current occurs primarily at

A

60 Hz

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16
Q

Standard electric placement system draws an imaginary line from the nasion to the

A

Inion

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17
Q

A ______ wave is a slow Cortical potential

A

P300

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18
Q

Which bandpass can be used to measure Theta EEG activity

A

4-7 Hz

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19
Q

AnEEG signal is measured in microvolts. A microphone is _______ of a volt.

A

1/1,000,000

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20
Q

Breathing pattern can influence EEG training. For example, when hyperventilation constricts cerebral blood vessels, it generates ________ activity.

A

Theta

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21
Q

Which circuit does a blown fuse illustrate

A

Open circuit

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22
Q

What measures and electroencephalograph’s ability to detect the smallest signal voltage

A

Sensitivity

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23
Q

How would you control eye-movement artifact?

A
  1. Monitoring, vertical and horizontal EOG artifacts.
  2. Exclude contaminated epoch
  3. Use a high pass filter to exclude activity in the Delta range
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24
Q

When there’s a break in an electrode cable, impedance measured from both ends of the cable should be _____ ohms

A

Infinite

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25
EEG signals are converted into ____ during optical, isolation
Light
26
Which filter select signals below a specified cut off frequency
Low-pass filter
27
Which technique is used to quantify EEG amplitude within a specific frequency bands
FFT
28
If a signal amplitude is one microvolts at Midland, the amplitude at the corner frequencies is _____ microvolts
.707
29
A notch filter to remove line current noise typically operates from ____\\ in North America.
58 - 62 Hz
30
The highest amplitude EEG frequency band is called the ______ frequency
Dominant
31
Which common mode rejection, ratio specifications would you prefer in an electroencephalograph?
110 dB
32
What index is an EEG’s ability to detect the smallest change in activity
Resolution
33
What is typically the strongest source of interference in EEG recording?
60 Hz artifact
34
A one second exposure to currents of _______ mA can produce ventricular fibrillation
50 mA
35
What filter select signals above a specified, cut off frequency
High pass filter
36
A dummy subject is used with EEG or EMG instruments to measure
Both environmental and instrument noise
37
Opposition to the movement of an AC signal through a circuit is called
Impedance
38
What is measured in microvolts
Signal strength
39
Which integration method produces the highest EEG and EMG values
Peak to peak
40
What forces electrons to move in a circuit
Electromotive force
41
Where is alpha, amplitude lowest in a healthy subject
Frontal lobe
42
Sudden limb and electrode cable movement will most affect the _____ band
Delta
43
Your electroencephalograph’s display shows two microvolts. During which stage of processing was the value calculated.
Integration
44
Which term refers to the combination of electrodes used in a single amplifier channel
Derivation
45
What describes a differential amplifier
Subtract identical input signals
46
Sterman recommends using _____ to represent EEG power in descriptive statistics
The natural log transformation of microvolts
47
How does a ground fault interrupter circuit, protect against shock
Triggers a circuit breaker when there is leakage
48
EEG electrodes are located blank of the distance between the nasion and the inion, and between the left preauricular point, and right preauricular point
10 or 20%
49
Which term means a segment of a biofeedback or neurofeedback recording
Epoch
50
A conservative guideline is that impedance values for disc electrodes should not exceed _____ kohms , and it should be balanced with _____ kohms to ensure acceptable common motor ejection and high sensitivity
5; 1
51
What material produces the lowest electrode noise
Silver silver-chloride
52
How can you control radio Frequency artifact
1. Select a 40 Hz. High pass filter. 2. Locate encoders away from high frequency, artifact sources. 3. Remove unused sensor cables from the encoder box.
53
A one second exposure to current exceeding _____ mA can produce injury
5 mA
54
Name the international EEG electrode placement system
10-20 international system of electrode placement
55
_____ is the correlation between the amplitude of specific frequencies, recorded a different sites overtime and specific conditions.
Comodulation
56
A blown fuse illustrates what kind of circuit
Open
57
What would help reduce 60 Hz noise during EEG & SEMG recording
Differential amplifier
58
When a faulty electrode connection results in a sudden voltage discharge, this produces….
Electrode pop, artifact
59
Which electroencephalograph differential input impedance specification is best
10 megohms
60
Which method produces the largest signal voltage by transforming both positive and - halves into an equivalent, DC signal
Full wave rectification
61
Which term refers to a signal sampling.
Epoch
62
Which is the first amplification stage in an instrument that requires several stages to increase a low level signal to voltage levels, requiring for processing?
Preamplifier
63
_____ is the rate of electron movement through a circuit
Current
64
A(n) ______ multiplies the voltage of a low amplitude signal
Amplifier
65
In ______, EEG signals are rapidly sampled, digitized, and decomposed into a series of wave forms of different frequencies. This technique calculates amplitude for frequencies within a band, passed to determine the power distribution of a signal.
FFT
66
_______ refers to the actual frequency selected by a filter for further analysis
Bandpass
67
An amplifier is differential input impedance should be at least ______ times the skin electrode impedance
100
68
Which integration method results in a voltage that is two times peak voltage?
Peak to peak
69
Which is the proportion of signal to artifact amplitude measured in dB?
Signal to noise ratio
70
_____ occurs when an EMG signal travels to an EEG electrode and contaminates these recordings
Volume conduction
71
Which of these is an interval between two frequencies that represents a 2:1 ratio
Octave
72
______ is the ability of a differential amplifier to subtract signals common to active and reference electrodes
Common mode rejection
73
Which is a unit of resistance
Ohm
74
Which of these converts a filtered AC signal into a positive DC signal for integration?
Rectifier
75
________ refers to a point on a waveforms 360° cycle had an instant in time.
Phase
76
An ________ prevents current flow under normal circumstances
Insulator
77
What measures the noise due to instrument an environmental sources?
Dummy subject
78
The ______ is the absolute difference between the high pass and low pass frequencies, measured in hertz
Bandwidth
79
What protects a patient from shock hazard by converting an electrical signal to a beam of light that is projector across a gap and re-converted into a electrical signal?
Optical isolator

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