Instruments Theory 2

Question 1

GYRO 43
A turn indicator is an instrument which indicates rate of turn. Rate of turn depends upon:
1. Bank angle.
2. Aeroplane speed.
3. Aeroplane weight.
The combination regrouping the correct statements is?
a) 1, 2, and 3
b) 1 and 2
c) 1 and 3
d) 2 and 3

Answer 1

Correct Answer:
[x) b) 1 and 2]

Question 2

GYRO 44
During an acceleration phase at constant attitude, the resetting principle of the artificial horizon results in the horizon bar indicating a:
a) Nose-down attitude.
b) Constant attitude.
c) Nose-down followed by a nose-up attitude.
d) Nose-up attitude.

Answer 2

Correct Answer:
[x) d) Nose-up attitude]

Question 3

GYRO 45
Heading information given by a gyro platform, is given by a gyro at?
a) 2 degrees-of-freedom in the vertical axis.
b) 1 degree-of-freedom in the horizontal axis.
c) 1 degree-of-freedom in the vertical axis.
d) 2 degrees-of-freedom in the horizontal axis.

Answer 3

Correct Answer:
[x) d) 2 degrees-of-freedom in the horizontal axis.

Question 4

GYRO 48
The heading read on the dial of a directional gyro is subject to errors, one of which is due to the movement of the aircraft. This error?
a) Is at its greatest value when the aircraft follows a meridian track.
b) Shows itself by an apparent rotation of the horizontal axis of the gyroscope which seems to turn at 15° per hour to the right in the northern hemisphere.
c) Is dependent on the ground speed of the aircraft, its true track and the average latitude of the flight.
d) Is, in spite of this, insignificant and may be neglected.

Answer 4

Correct Answer:
[x) c) Is dependent on the ground speed of the aircraft, its true track and the average latitude of the flight.

Question 5

GYRO 49
A gravity erector system is used to correct the errors on?
a) Artificial horizon.
b) A directional gyro.
c) A turn indicator.
d) A gyro-magnetic compass.

Answer 5

Correct Answer:
[x) a) Artificial horizon]

Question 6

GYRO 49
A gravity erector system is used to correct the errors on?
a) Artificial horizon.
b) A directional gyro.
c) A turn indicator.
d) A gyro-magnetic compass.

Answer 6

Correct Answer:
[x) a) Artificial horizon]

Question 7

ATTITUDE 1
How many degrees of freedom and what is the spin axis of an attitude indicator?
a) Local earth vertical — two degrees of freedom.
b) Aircraft lateral axis — two degrees of freedom.
c) Aircraft horizontal axis — one degree of freedom.
d) Aircraft longitudinal axis — three degrees of freedom.

⸻

Answer 7

Correct Answer:
[x) a) Local earth vertical — two degrees of freedom.

Question 8

ATTITUDE 2
What would be the indication on an attitude indicator in a right turn?
a) Climb due to pendulous vanes.
b) No climb.
c) Descent due to pendulous vanes.
d) Correct pitch and bank at all times.

⸻

Answer 8

Correct Answer:
[x) a) Climb due to pendulous vanes]

Question 9

ATTITUDE 3
What will a classic artificial horizon indicate when turning through 90 degrees at constant attitude and bank angle?
a) Correct bank angle and attitude.
b) Too much bank and too much nose up attitude.
c) Too much nose up and too little nose up attitude.
d) Too little bank and too much nose up attitude.

⸻

Answer 9

Correct Answer:
[x) d) Too little bank and too much nose up attitude]

Question 10

ATTITUDE 4
An AI has?
a) One degree of freedom and a lateral spin axis.
b) Two degrees of freedom and a vertical spin axis.
c) Two degrees of freedom and a horizontal spin axis.
d) One degree of freedom and a vertical spin axis.

⸻

Answer 10

Correct Answer:
[x) b) Two degrees of freedom and a vertical spin axis]

Question 11

ATTITUDE 5
How will a basic AI respond if an aircraft performs a 270 degree turn at constant bank angle and ROT?
a) Nose up and bank.
b) Nose down and bank.
c) Nose level and bank.
d) Correct bank and pitch.

⸻

Answer 11

Correct Answer:
[x) a) Nose up and bank]

Question 12

ATTITUDE 7
When turning through 90° at constant AOB and pitch attitude, what will a classic artificial horizon indicate?
a) Too much nose up and too little bank angle.
b) Too much nose up and too much bank angle.
c) Too little nose up and too little bank angle.
d) Too little nose up and too much bank angle.

⸻

Answer 12

Correct Answer:
[x) a) Too much nose up and too little bank angle]

Question 13

ATTITUDE 8
When turning through 270° at constant AOB and pitch attitude, what will a classic artificial horizon indicate?
a) Too much nose up and too little bank angle.
b) Too much nose up and too much bank angle.
c) Too little nose up and too little bank angle.
d) Too little nose up and too much bank angle.

⸻

Answer 13

Correct Answer:
[x) b) Too much nose up and too much bank angle]

Question 14

ATTITUDE 9
An artificial horizon has?
a) Two degrees of freedom and a vertical spin axis.
b) Two degrees of freedom and a longitudinal spin axis.
c) Two degrees of freedom and a lateral spin axis.
d) No degrees of freedom because it is earth tied.

⸻

Answer 14

Correct Answer:
[x) a) Two degrees of freedom and a vertical spin axis]

Question 15

ATTITUDE 10
The latitude nut ……….. an artificial horizon?
a) Compensates for transport error.
b) Is not fitted to.
c) Compensates for latitude error.
D) compensates for earth rate errors.

Answer 15

Correct Answer:
[x) b) Is not fitted to.

Question 17

ATTITUDE 11
The gravity sensing unit in an artificial horizon is used to?
a) Prevent tilting of the gyro.
b) Prevent precession of the gyro.
c) Erect the gyro.
d) Provide signals to the autopilot.

⸻

Answer 17

Correct Answer:
[x) a) Prevent tilting of the gyro]

Question 18

TURN/SLIP 5
A turn indicator has?
1. A horizontal spin axis.
2. A vertical spin axis.
3. One degree of freedom.
4. Two degrees of freedom.
5. A spin axis tied to the yawing plane of the aircraft.
6. A gravity erecting unit.
a) 1, 3
b) 1, 5
c) 3, 5
d) 4, 6

Answer 18

Correct Answer:
[x) a) 1, 3

Question 19

ATTITUDE 12
Classic artificial horizon indications turning through 180° at constant AOB?
a) Nose up and AOB too low.
b) Nose up and AOB too high.
c) Nose up and correct AOB.
d) Pitch attitude and AOB correct.

⸻

Answer 19

Correct Answer:
[x) c) Nose up and correct AOB.

Question 20

ATTITUDE 13
An artificial horizon has ….. degrees of freedom in the ……. axis?
a) Two — vertical.
b) Two — horizontal.
c) One — vertical.
d) One — horizontal.

⸻

Answer 20

Correct Answer:
[x) b) Two — horizontal]

Question 21

ATTITUDE 14
Which of the following properties are possessed by a standby artificial horizon?
1. Independent power supply.
2. Integral gyro.
3. Remote (external) gyro.
4. Used only in emergencies.
5. At least one per pilot in JAR 25 aircraft.
a) 1, 2
b) 1, 2, 3
c) 2, 3, 4
d) 3, 4, 5

⸻

Answer 21

Correct Answer:
[x) a) 1, 2]

Question 22

TURN/SLIP 14
Following a left engine failure the pilot of a multi-engine aircraft uses rudder to arrest the yaw, whilst side slipping down track with the wings held level by the ailerons. What will the turn and slip indicator show in this condition?
a) Both needle and ball central.
b) Both needle and ball right.
c) Both needle and ball left.
d) Needle left and ball right.

Answer 22

Correct Answer:
[x) a) Both needle and ball central.

Question 23

TURN/SLIP 1
The ball in a serviceable slip indicator is ………… by …………. and …………. Indicates the state of slip?
a) Held central — Gravity — Does not always.
b) Positioned — Acceleration — Does not always.
c) Held central — Gravity — Always.
d) Positioned — Acceleration — Always.

⸻

Answer 23

Correct Answer:
[x) b) Positioned — Acceleration — Does not always]

Question 24

TURN/SLIP 2
The turn indicator is affected by?
1. AOB
2. Airspeed
3. Weight
4. Altitude
a) 1, 2
b) 2, 3
c) 3, 4
d) 4, 5

⸻

Answer 24

Correct Answer:
[x) a) 1, 2

Question 25

TURN/SLIP 3 A turn indicator used in conjunction with an attitude indicator will show? 1. Turn direction 2. Rate of turn 3. Angular velocity about the true vertical axis 4. Angular velocity about the aircraft vertical axis 5. Angular velocity about the longitudinal axis a) 1, 2 b) 1, 3 c) 1, 2, 4 d) 2, 3, 5 ⸻

Answer 25

Correct Answer: [x) c) 1, 2, 4

Question 26

TURN/SLIP 4 ROT indications are? a) Proportional to TAS. b) Proportional to CAS. c) Proportional to mass. D) Proportional to EAS.

Answer 26

Correct Answer: [x) a) Proportional to TAS]

Question 27

TURN/SLIP 6 When both the needle and ball of a turn and slip indicator are displaced to the right the aircraft is? a) Turning right with insufficient bank. b) Turning right with too much bank. c) Turning left with too much bank. d) Turning left with insufficient bank. ⸻

Answer 27

Correct Answer: [x) b) Turning right with too much bank]

Question 28

TURN/SLIP 7 When both the needle and ball of a turn and slip indicator are displaced to the right the aircraft is? a) Turning right with too much TAS. b) Turning right with insufficient TAS. c) Turning left with too much TAS. d) Turning left with insufficient TAS.

Answer 28

Correct Answer: [x) b) Turning right with insufficient TAS.

Question 29

TURN/SLIP 32 The gyro in a turn indicator must have …… gimbal and …… degrees of freedom? a) One, one. b) Two, one. c) Two, two. d) Three, two.

Answer 29

Correct Answer: [x) a) One, one.

Question 30

TURN/SLIP 8 When the needle is displaced right and the ball displaced left, in a turn and slip indicator, the aircraft is? a) Turning right with insufficient bank. b) Turning left with too much bank. c) Turning left with insufficient TAS. d) Turning right with too much bank. ⸻

Answer 30

Correct Answer: [x) a) Turning right with insufficient bank]

Question 31

TURN/SLIP 9 The turn needle indicates …… in a slightly banked turn? a) Angular velocity about the vertical axis. b) Angular acceleration about the vertical axis. c) Angular velocity about the lateral axis. d) Yaw displacement.

Answer 31

Correct Answer: [x) a) Angular velocity about the vertical axis]

Question 32

TURN/SLIP 11 The correct turn and slip indications when turning right on the ground are? a) Needle and ball right. b) Needle and ball left. c) Needle right and ball left. d) Needle left and ball right. ⸻

Answer 32

Correct Answer: [x) c) Needle right and ball left]

Question 33

TURN/SLIP 12 ROT indications depend on? 1. Airspeed 2. Mass 3. AOB a) 1, 2 b) 2, 3 c) 1, 3 d) 1, 2, 3

Answer 33

Correct Answer: [x) c) 1, 3]

Question 34

TURN/SLIP 15 Following a left engine failure the pilot of a multi-engine aircraft uses rudder to oppose yaw and keep the aircraft on heading, whilst using bank to prevent side slip. What will the turn and slip indicator show? a) Both needle and ball central. b) Both needle and ball right. c) Both needle and ball left. d) Needle central and ball right. ⸻

Answer 34

Correct Answer: [x) d) Needle central and ball right]

Question 35

TURN/SLIP 16 What will be the immediate turn and slip indications when a left engine fails in climbing flight? a) Needle and ball left. b) Needle and ball right. c) Needle left and ball right. d) Needle right and ball left. ⸻

Answer 35

Correct Answer: [x) c) Needle left and ball right]

Question 36

TURN/SLIP 17 What does it indicate if both the needle and ball in a turn and slip indicator move out to the right? a) Turning right with too much bank. b) Turning right with too little bank. c) Turning left with too much bank. d) Turning left with too little bank. ⸻

Answer 36

Correct Answer: [x) a) Turning right with too much bank]

Question 37

TURN/SLIP 18 When turning at constant bank angle the rate of turn is? a) Determined by weight and TAS. b) Determined by weight. c) Determined by TAS. d) Determined only by AoA. ⸻

Answer 37

Correct Answer: [x) c) Determined by TAS]

Question 38

TURN/SLIP 19 A turn indicator used in conjunction with an attitude indicator can show? 1. TAS in a turn. 2. Direction of turn. 3. Angular velocity about the vertical axis of the aircraft. 4. Angular velocity about the true vertical axis. a) 1, 2 b) 1, 3 c) 2, 3 d) 3, 4 ⸻

Answer 38

Correct Answer: [x) c) 2, 3]

Question 39

TURN/SLIP 20 What factors affect the turn indicator? 1. AoA 2. AOB 3. TAS 4. Weight a) 1, 2 b) 1, 3 c) 2, 3 d) 3, 4 ⸻

Answer 39

Correct Answer: [x) c) 2, 3]

Question 40

TURN/SLIP 21 What are the essential properties of a turn indicator? 1. Two degrees of freedom. 2. One degree of freedom. 3. Horizontal spin axis. 4. Vertical spin axis. 5. Longitudinal spin axis. a) 1, 2 b) 2, 3 c) 3, 4 d) 2, 5

Answer 40

Correct Answer: [x) b) 2, 3]

Question 41

TURN/SLIP 23 What does it indicate when the turn needle is out to the left and the ball out to the right? a) Right turn with too much bank. b) Right turn with too little bank. c) Left turn with too much bank. d) Left turn with too little bank. ⸻

Answer 41

Correct Answer: [x) d) Left turn with too little bank]

Question 42

TURN/SLIP 24 What should a turn and slip indicator show in a right turn on the ground? a) Needle left and ball left. b) Needle left and ball right. c) Needle right and ball left. d) Needle right and ball right. ⸻

Answer 42

Correct Answer: [x) c) Needle right and ball left]

Question 43

TURN/SLIP 25 What will the turn needle indicate in a slightly banked turn? a) Yaw rate. b) Roll rate. c) Pitch rate. d) Angular velocity about the vertical axis. ⸻

Answer 43

Correct Answer: [x) a) Yaw rate]

Question 44

TURN/SLIP 26 What corrective action is required if the ball is out to the right in a left turn? a) More right rudder. b) More left rudder. c) More right bank. d) More left bank. ⸻

Answer 44

Correct Answer: [x) a) More right rudder]

Question 45

TURN/SLIP 27 If both the ball and needle are out to the left in a turn, the ball can be centralised by? a) Pushing the right rudder bar forward. b) Increasing left bank. c) Decreasing TAS. d) Increasing TAS. ⸻

Answer 45

Correct Answer: [x) d) Increasing TAS]

Question 46

TURN/SLIP 28 How should the turn and slip indicator respond in a right turn when taxiing? a) Needle left and ball indicator. b) Needle left and ball right. c) Needle right and ball right. d) Needle right and ball left.

Answer 46

Correct Answer: [x) d) Needle right and ball left]

Question 47

TURN/SLIP 33 If the turn indicator needle is out to the right and the ball is out to the left, it indicates? a) A left turn with too much bank. b) A left turn with too little bank. c) A right turn with too much bank. d) A right turn with too little bank.

Answer 47

Correct Answer: [x) d) A right turn with too little bank]

Question 48

TURN/SLIP 35 If the mass of the aircraft in question 34 above, was decreased to 45000 Kg? a) It would increase the required AOB. b) It would decrease the required AOB. c) It would not affect the required AOB, but less power would be required. d) It would not affect the required AOB but more power would be required. ⸻

Answer 48

Correct Answer: [x) c) It would not affect the required AOB, but less power would be required]

Question 49

TURN/SLIP 36 The correct indications when taxiing to the left are? a) Needle right, ball right. b) Needle right, ball centre. c) Needle left, ball left. d) Needle left, ball right.

Answer 49

Correct Answer: [x) d) Needle left, ball right.

Question 50

TURN/SLIP 37 If the turn and slip indicator shows needle left and ball left in a banked turn, the aircraft is ………. and the required corrective action is ……….? a) Skidding - push left pedal forward. b) Skidding - push right pedal forward. c) Slipping - push left pedal forward. d) Slipping - push right pedal forward.

Answer 50

Correct Answer: [x) c) Slipping - push left pedal forward.

Question 51

TURN/SLIP 38 If the turn and slip indicator shows needle left and ball right in a banked turn, the aircraft is ………. and the required corrective action is ……….? a) Skidding - push left pedal forward. b) Skidding - push right pedal forward. c) Slipping - push left pedal forward. d) Slipping - push right pedal forward.

Answer 51

Correct Answer: [x) b) Skidding - push right pedal forward.

Question 52

TURN/SLIP 39 If the turn and slip indicator shows needle right and ball right in a banked turn, the aircraft is ………. and the required corrective action is ……….? a) Skidding - push left pedal forward. b) Skidding - push right pedal forward. c) Slipping - push left pedal forward. d) Slipping - push right pedal forward. ⸻

Answer 52

Correct Answer: [x) d) Slipping - push right pedal forward]

Question 53

TURN/SLIP 40 If the turn and slip indicator shows needle right and ball left in a banked turn, the aircraft is ………. and the required corrective action is ……….? a) Skidding - push left pedal forward. b) Skidding - push right pedal forward. c) Slipping - push left pedal forward. d) Slipping - push right pedal forward.

Answer 53

Correct Answer: [x) a) Skidding - push left pedal forward]