Integument

Question 1

Thin Skin

Answer 1

covers most of body surface. Contains hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and erector pilae muscles

Question 2

Thick skin

Answer 2

covers palms of hands and soles of feet. No sebaceous glands or erector pilae muscles, but have sweat glands

Question 3

Epidermis of skin

Answer 3

made of stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

Question 4

Dermis is made of

Answer 4

Loose CT and dense irregular collagenous CT

Question 5

Cell types found in the epidermis

Answer 5

keratinocytes (most common) and non-keratinocytes

Question 6

Epidermal ridges

Answer 6

folds in the epidermis that extend down into the dermis.

Question 7

dermal pailla

Answer 7

projections coming from the dermis into the epidermis

Question 8

basal cells in epidermis

Answer 8

founder where epidermis meets dermis

area of intense mitotic activity

Question 9

What happens as cells migrate from stratum basale to surface of skin

Answer 9

acquire more keratin, become keratinized, die and slough off.

Question 10

langerhans cells

Answer 10

defensive cells. provide protection against invading antigens. Derived from bone marrow precuses. Reside in all layers of epidermis, but mostly in stratum spinosum

Question 11

Merkel Cells

Answer 11

mechanoreceptors. Found in base of hair follicles and fingertips. Attach to keratinocytes by desmosomes. Specifically found in stratum basal and makes merkel cell-neurite complexes

Question 12

Melanocytes

Answer 12

protect skin from UV radiation. Arise from neural crest. synthesize melanin. Located in stratum basale and superficial dermis

Question 13

How to tell if it’s a langerhan cell

Answer 13

pale cytoplasm, looks like halo around cells

Question 14

Birbeck granules

Answer 14

look kind of like a tennis racket. Found in Langerhans cells. Function not understood

Question 15

What do melanocytes synthesize besides melanin?

Answer 15

tyrosinase, which turns tyrosine into melanin.

Question 16

Melanin Granule

Answer 16

melanosome that has melanin in it. Is dark. Ends up in cytoplasmic processes

Question 17

Is there a difference in the total number of melanocytes in different races?

Answer 17

no

Question 18

What is pigmentation of skin due to?

Answer 18

tyrosinase activity, number of melanin granules, size of melanin granules, distrubution of melanin granules, rate of breakdown

Question 19

Where is the distribution of melanocytes in lighter skin people

Answer 19

more in nucleus

Question 20

Does dark skin break down faster or slower?

Answer 20

slower

Question 21

Factors that contribute to diagnosis of malignant Melanoma

Answer 21

Appearance
Border
Color
Diameter
Evolution

Question 22

What are the layers of thick skin from bottom to top

Answer 22

Stratum Basale
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Comeum

Question 23

Stratum Basale

Answer 23

single layer of columnar cells. Anchors dermis to epidermis. Important in cell renewal

Question 24

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Answer 24

often due to chronic sun exposure. Has pearly papule, rarely metastasizes.

Question 25

Stratum Spinosum

Answer 25

Have railroad tracks, which are intercellular bridges between neighboring cells. Gives strength to cell, protects against microorganisms

Question 26

Stratum Granulosum

Answer 26

Contains 3 or 4 layers. Has frgmented nuclei. DNA is breaking down. Has keratohyalin granules and membrane-coating granules

Question 27

Keratohylin Granules

Answer 27

contain keratohyalin (soft protein)

Question 28

Membrane-coating granules

Answer 28

release lipid to extracellular space. Lipid makes sheets of waterproof materal.

Question 29

Stratum Lucidum

Answer 29

allows light to go through. Contains only dead cellular material, no cytoplasm or organelle.

Question 30

Stratum corneum

Answer 30

very thick. Layer of dead cellular material. has lots of keratin

Question 31

What layers are way smaller in thin skin not have the compared to thick skin

Answer 31

stratum lucidum and stratum granulosum

Question 32

Ichthyosis

Answer 32

excessive keratin buildup. Results in fish like scales

Question 33

Papillary layer of dermis

Answer 33

most superficial layer. Made of loose CT

Question 34

Which areas have prominent epidermal ridges, dermal papillae, and dermal ridges

Answer 34

areas subject to increased mechanical stress (palms and soles)

Question 35

Reticular layer of dermis

Answer 35

provides tensile strength, has many collagen bundles, also contains some elastic fibers

Question 36

Dermis

Answer 36

contains ducts of sweat glands, portions of hair follicles, sebaceous glands

Question 37

Hypodermis

Answer 37

layer underneath the dermis. contains some adipose tissue. not part of skin

Question 38

Free nerve endings

Answer 38

detect pain and temperature

Question 39

Pacinian Corpuscles

Answer 39

detect pressure, vibration

Question 40

Meissner's Corpuscles

Answer 40

mechanoreceptors for discriminatory, fine touch

Question 41

Eccrine sweat glands

Answer 41

Have myoepithelial cells which assist in expulsion of sweat from secretory unit. Innervated by post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers. Simple coiled tubular gland

Question 42

Apocrine sweat gland

Answer 42

found in axilla, areola of nipple and in anal region. A merocrine gland. Innervated by the sympathetic nervous system. Produces large amounts of sweat

Question 43

Sebaeous glands

Answer 43

oil producing glands. Induced by hormones, holocrine secretion.

Question 44

Hair bulb

Answer 44

at base of hair follicle. encloses dermal papilla.

Question 45

Medulla of hair follicle

Answer 45

moderate keritinization (pink)

Question 46

cortex of hair follicle

Answer 46

keratinized (purple)

Question 47

curticle

Answer 47

keratinized (dark band,

Question 48

Interal root sheath

Answer 48

some keratinization

Question 49

External root sheath

Answer 49

not part of hair

Question 50

glassy membrane

Answer 50

acts like a basement membrane

Question 51

Arrector Pili Muscle

Answer 51

smooth muscle. Attaches to hair follicle midway, obliquely. raises the hair

Question 52

Nail plate

Answer 52

dense keratinized plate. rests on nail bed

Question 53

Nail matrix

Answer 53

epithelium under nail root. Growth occurs here