Vasculature I

Question 1

3 layers of blood vessels from innermost to outermost

Answer 1

intima, media, and adventitia

Question 2

4 layers of the tunica intima from innermost to outermost

Answer 2

endothelium, basal lamina subendothelial CT, internal elastic membrane

Question 3

Endothelium of tunica intima

Answer 3

direct contact with blood. Has epithelial layer w/ simple squamous cells, and endothelium that is connected to basal lamina

Question 4

Subendothelial connective tissue

Answer 4

ECM+ cells to synthesize that matrix. Can have smooth muscle cells that invade here

Question 5

Internal elastic membrane

Answer 5

fenestrated. Important for movement of gas and nutrients

Question 6

Tunica media

Answer 6

made mostly of smooth muscle cells

Question 7

Tunica aventitia

Answer 7

blood vessels and nerve fibers transmitted in this layer.

Question 8

Vasa vasorum

Answer 8

vessels of the vessels. Contribute to inflammation

Question 9

Syphilis

Answer 9

tree bark appearance of ascending aorta. Fibrous scar in media. Endartertitis of vasa vasorum

Question 10

Nervi vasocum (bascularis)

Answer 10

nerves that supply blood vessel walls. Mostly sympathetics, but some parasympahetic. Don’t penetrate tunica media.

Question 11

Endothelial cells

Answer 11

flattened. Oriented in direction of blood flow. Elongated in direction of flow. Has pinocytotic vesciles

Question 12

What does shear stress exerted by blood flow produce

Answer 12

endothelial cell hyperpolarization. Results in vasodilation

Question 13

Pinocytotic vesciles

Answer 13

transport from lumen of blood vessel across cytoplasm to be released on subendothelial tissue compartment of tunica intima

Question 14

Weibel-Palade granules

Answer 14

contain von willebrand factor. and P-selectin

Question 15

Von Willebrand factor

Answer 15

important for coagulation. Deficiency results in hemorrhagic diseases

Question 16

P-selectin

Answer 16

important for allowing leukocytes to connect to endothelial cell membrane and facilitate migration through wall of vasculature

Question 17

Yellow endothelial cell functions

Answer 17

produce prostacylin, chemical mediation, Control vascular growth, inhibit blood clot or promote clot formation, regulate movement of inflammatory cell from blood lumen into tissues

Question 18

Prostacyclin

Answer 18

vasodilator controlling diameter or vessel. increases flow, inhibits blood clotting.

Question 19

What is different about vessels involved in microcirculation

Answer 19

no extra tunics to interrupt exchange of gas and nutrients. thin component

Question 20

What’s different about veins as they go from larger to smaller

Answer 20

not much change in smooth muscle from small to large vessels, pick up elastic components

Question 21

Architercture of artery

Answer 21

prominent elastic membrane. Thick muscular tunica media

Question 22

Architecture of vein

Answer 22

do not have prominent internal or external lamina, think tunica media, tunica adventitia has lot of CT

Question 23

Elastic artery

Answer 23

ex) aorta, brachiochephalic trunk

Tunica media has alternating smooth muscle and elastic lamellae that are fenestrated

Question 24

Marfan’s syndrome

Answer 24

dysfunctional elastic arteries

Question 25

Aorta

Answer 25

changes over a life time. Thicker in adult vs a newborn. Intimal fibrosis, fragmentation of elastic lamellae

Question 26

Differences in muscular artery

Answer 26

lots of smooth muscle in tunica media, demonstrable externa elastic membrane, collagen in tunica adventitia is brunt orange

Question 27

Function of arteriole

Answer 27

main resistance

Question 28

How to tell it's an ateriole

Answer 28

blue dots of endothelial cell nuclei one or two smooth muscle layers thin external adventitia

Question 29

How to tell if it's a venule

Answer 29

one layer of smooth muscle white outline is the basal lamina thinner wall and larger lumen compared to arteriole

Question 30

Sphincter mechanism on metarteriole

Answer 30

controls bolume of blood flow to arteriole to microciculation

Question 31

What are the 3 classes of capillaires

Answer 31

continuous fenestrated sinusoid

Question 32

2 subclasses of fenestrated capillary

Answer 32

with diaphragms | sans diaphragms

Question 33

Pericyte

Answer 33

associated with capillaries and pericytic venules has mesenchymal cells contractile can differentiate into either smooth muscle cells or fibroblasts