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Organology > Integument Lecture > Flashcards

Integument Lecture Flashcards

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1
Q

Largest organ of body

A

Skin

-16% of body wt

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2
Q

Functions of skin

A
  • Physical protection
  • Temperature
  • Vitamin D synthesis
  • Sweat excretion
  • Sensory perception
  • Reflects clinical disease processes
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3
Q

3 layers of skin

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis

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4
Q

Classify epidermis

A

st sq epi w/variable keratinization

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5
Q

Epidermis is derived from

A

ectoderm

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6
Q

T/F epidermis is avascular

A

T

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7
Q

Dermis is made of

A

CT

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8
Q

Dermis is derived from

A

mesoderm

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9
Q

T/F dermis is avascular

A

F

vascular

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10
Q

Hypodermis is made of

A

loosely attaches dermis to deep fascia

-adipocytes, muscle, CT

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11
Q

Hypodermis derived from

A

mesoderm

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12
Q

T/F Hypodermis is avascular

A

F

vascular

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13
Q

Process of keratinization is also called

A

Cornification

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14
Q

Give layers of epidermis from deep to superficial

A 
1-Stratum basale
2-Stratum spinosum
3-Stratum granulosum
4-Stratum lucidum
5-Stratum corneum
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15
Q

What layer of epidermis is attached to basement membrane?

A

Stratum basale

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16
Q

Stratum basale is made of…

  • classify cells
  • This layer is also known as
A

Basal cells

  • Cuboidal/columnar cells
  • AKA germinal layer
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17
Q

When does mitosis occur

A

At night

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18
Q

How long does it take for new cell to reach epidermis from stratum basale?

A

20-30 days

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19
Q

Stratum spinosum number of cells layers

A

Variable #

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20
Q

What type of cells are in stratum spinosum?

-explain that cell

A

Keratinocyte

  • Most abundant cell in layer
  • polyhedral shape
  • produced by “basal cell”
  • capable of mitosis
  • have interceullular attachment by desmosomes: intercellular bridges”
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21
Q

What makes up stratum germinativum

A
  • stratum basale

- stratum spinosum

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22
Q

Pemphigus foliaceous

A

auto AB to DG-1 (affects s. spinosum)

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23
Q

Pemphigus vulgars

A

auto AB to DG-3 (affects s. spinosum)

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24
Q

Bullous pemphigoid

A

Auto AB to bollus pemphigoid Ag (BP Ag) (affects s. spinosum)

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25
Stratum granulosum | -what happens to keratinocytes
Begin to flatten (dying) and STOP synthesis of keratin (intermediate filament)
26
What are keratohyalin granules in keratinocytes
basophilic, non-membrane granules -filaggrin (proteins that make keratin filaments into bundles)
27
In stratum granulosum, contents of membrane coating granules are secreted btw
keratinocytes
28
Stratum lucidum is only present in
Areas of THICK skin...not commonly present in skin of domestic animals
29
How are the keratinocytes in S lucidum
DEAD
30
What unique protein is in s. lucidum
eleidin | -Transformation product of keratohyalin (deposited in cytoplasm)
31
How are keratinocytes in s. corneum?
Flat, dead kertinocytes | -Cytoplasm of keratinocytes replaced by keratin (aggregated keratin filaments)
32
Stratum disjunctum
Surface layer of stratum corneum that is "flaking-off"
33
Thin skin - hair follicles associated with - layers present
Hair follicles associated with glands NO DEFINITIVE s. granulosum or s. lucidum
34
Thick skin - Hair follicles associated with - layers present
Hair follicles are NOT associated with sebaceous glands All layers present
35
What makes up dermo-epidermal junction
Rete pegs | Dermal papillae
36
Melanocytes are in epidermis -where are they located? -What do they do? How are they made?
Melanocyte ("clear cell") - In stratum basale - Make melanin - Converted from tyrosine by tyrosinase - ->contains copper ion - ->UV light actvates enzyme Has melanosome: membrane bound bag where melanin made
37
Explain cytocrine secretion in melanocyte
Melanin pigment formed in a melanosome and moves to tip of cytoplasmic process to become a melanin granule (storage site of melanin/no synthesis) Keratinocyte surrounds process of melanocyte and pinches it off -->Melanin pigment moves site above nucleus NOW YOU HAVE MELANOPHORE (keratinocyte containing melanin)
38
Keratinocyte containing melanin
Melanophore
39
Langerhans cell - where are they - what do they do - member of
Scattered in s. spinosum "dendritic cell" -APC: carries Ag to secondary lymphoid organ Member of mononuclear phagpcyte system -phagocytosis Monocyte precursor Fc receptors (for Ab)
40
Merkel cell - located where - describe
S. basale Prominent nucleus surrounded by unstained cytoplasm Close association w/axon terminal of unmyelinated n "mechanoreceptor" sense of touch
41
Cells of epidermis
Keratinocytes (melanophores) (s. basale) Melanocytes (s. basale) Langerhans cells (s. spinosum) Merkel cells (s. basale)
42
Junction of epidermis and dermis - where - whats involved
Basement mebrane Involves epidermal pegs (rete pegs) - finger like projections - Interdigitate w/dermal papillae - ->Increase SA for attachment btw epidermis and dermis
43
What type of CT is in dermis
DICT | Type I collagen (majority present)
44
Dermal layers-2
Papillary layer | Reticular layer
45
Papillary layer
Superficial layer adjacent to epidermis
46
Reticular layer
Deep layer adjacent to hypodermis
47
How to differentiate what layer of dermis you're in
Look for sabecous glands 1/3 above=papillary layer 2/3 below= reticular layer
48
Fixed cells of dermis
``` Fibroblasts Myofibroblasts Fibrocytess Pericytes Adipocytes Histiocytes (fixed MQ) Mast cells ```
49
Transient cells
Plasma cells Neutrophils Eosinophils MQ
50
Synonyms for hypodermis
Tela subcutanea | Superficial fascia
51
What makes up hypodermis
LCT and adipose CT
52
Hypodermis attaches
Dermis to deep fascia
53
What structures can you find in hypodermis
Fat pads Cutaneous muscles Large blood vessels and nerves
54
3 plexuses that give blood to skin
SQ or deep plexus Cuteanous or middle plexus Subpapillary or superficial plexus Connections between these elements provide collateral flow to adjacent areas of skin
55
Where are the dermal blood supply plexuses located
superficial: papillary layer Middle: located around hair follicles and glands Deep: located at junction of cutis and subcutis
56
Parts of the hair
- Hair proper (actual hair itself) - Hair follicle (encasement of hair) - Arrector pili muscle (hair follicle: basement membrane)
57
Types of glands in skin
Sweat glands - apocrine - merocrine` - Sebaceous glands
58
Shaft of hair
Free portion of hair above surface of skin
59
Root of hair
Portion of hair in hair follicle (deep to surface of skin)
60
Bulb of root
Terminal enlarged end of root in bottom of hair follicle
61
Matrix of bulb of root
Stem-like cells that proliferte and keratinize to form the hair Analogous to S basale of epidermis
62
Layers of hair proper
Cuticle Cortex Medulla
63
Cuticle of hair proper | -describe
Outer surface layer Single layer of keratinized squamous epithelial cells Cells overlap (as shingles on a roof) Free edges point upward -->Free edged interlock with free edges of cells in cuticle of internal root sheath which point downward
64
Cortex of hair proper | -describe
Densely packed keratinized cells | -hard keratin
65
Medulla of hair proper
Center of hair Cuboidal to flattened cells Horizontal orientation Air spaces in shaft
66
Hair follicle | -explain
An invagination of the epidermis and associated CT that surround the root of the hair Orientated at an angle with reference of skin
67
Glassy membrane
Thick basement membrane btw external root sheath and CT sheath
68
Where does internal root sheath end
IRS ends at level where sebaceous gland opens into follicle
69
Cuticle of hair follicle
Outer surface layer of internal root sheath adjaent to hair | Free edges point DOWNWARD
70
External root sheath - classify - where does it go to
Continuous with epidermis at opening of hair follicle and continuous with IRS below opening of sebaceous gland

Organology (13 decks)

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