integumentary Flashcards
(224 cards)
1
Q
Define SKIN
A
Protective layer covering external body surface
2
Q
Define SEBACEOUS GLANDS
A
Secrete sebum, lubricates skin, & discourage bacteria growth
3
Q
Define HAIR
A
Controls loss of body heat
4
Q
AKA: unguis
A
Nails
5
Q
Define LUNULA
A
Half moon region @ every nail root where new keratin cells form
6
Q
Define CUTICLE
A
Narrow band of epidermis attached to nail to protect new keratin cells
7
Q
Define NAIL ROOT
A
Fastens nail to finger via groove in skin
8
Q
Define EPIDERMIS
A
Outermost layer of skin of 5 layers w/no vessels or connective tissue
9
Q
Define EPITHELIAL TISSUES
A
Protective covering for all internal & external surfaces
10
Q
Describe SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL TISSUE
A
Makes up upper layer of dermis; flat, scaly cells continuously shed
11
Q
Describe KERATIN
A
Fibrous, H2O repellent protein; soft & hard
12
Q
Define MELANOCYTES
A
Cells that make melanin
13
Q
AKA: dermis
A
Corium
14
Q
Define COLLAGEN
A
Tough & flexible fibrous protein
15
Q
Define MAST CELLS
A
Connective tissue of dermis that responds to injury, infection, allergy, & makes & releases substances (heparin & histamine)
16
Q
Define HEPARIN
A
Anticoagulant that responds to injury
17
Q
Define HISTAMINE
A
Causes symptoms of allergic responses
18
Q
Define SENSORY NERVE ENDINGS
A
Sensory receptors for touch, temperature, pain & pressure
19
Q
Define SUBCUTANEOUS LAYER
A
Connect skin to surface muscle made of connective & adipose tissue
20
Q
Define ECCRINE GLANDS
A
Sudoriferous glands all over skin
21
Q
Define APOCRINE GLANDS
A
Sudoriferous glands @ hair follicles
22
Q
Define PORES
A
Openings on skin acting as sweat gland ducts
23
Q
Define PERSPIRATION
A
99% H2O & other waste products that cool body & interact w/bacteria on skin
24
Q
Define HIDROSIS
A
Production & excretion of perspiration
25
Define MAMMARY GLANDS
Modified sweat glands
26
Define GRANULATION TISSUE
Normally forms during healing leading to a scar
27
Define PYODERMA
Any acute, inflammatory, pus-forming bacterial skin infection
28
Define ACNE VULGARIS
Chronic & inflammatory overproduction of sebum around shaft leading to pus
29
Define COMEDO
Non infected lesion from buildup of sebum & keratin in follicle w/acne vulgaris
30
Define WHITEHEAD
Comedo w/obstructed opening
31
Define BLACKHEAD
Oxidized sebum plug open to air
32
Define EPIDERMOID CYST
Closed sac found under skin w/yellow & fatty material in cyst gen on face/neck/trunk
33
AKA: epidermoid cyst
Sebaceous cyst
34
Define SEBORRHEIC DERMATITIS
Overactivity of sebaceous gland leading to inflammation, scaling, & itching of skin
35
Describe SEBORRHEIC KERATOSIS
Benign skin growth w/waxy or pasted on look varying in color; gen ppl +50 yrs
36
Describe ANHIDROSIS
Abnormal lack of sweat, @ risk for heat stroke
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AKA: anhidrosis
Hypohidrosis
38
Describe DIAPHORESIS
Profuse sweating; normal w/heat, exertion, or distress
39
Describe HEAT RASH
Intense & itchy rash from sweat glands being blocked by bacteria & dead cells
40
AKA: heat rash
Prickly heat
41
Describe HEAT STROKE
Core temp at least 104F causing altered mental state, racing bpm, organ swelling, & death
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AKA: heat stroke
Sunstroke
43
Define HYPERHIDROSIS
Excessive sweating
44
Describe SLEEP HYPERHIDROSIS
Hyperhidrosis during sleep from menopause, meds, or infectious disease
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AKA: sleep hyperhidrosis
Night sweats
46
Define FOLLICULITIS
Inflammation of hair follicles common in arms, legs, or beard area
47
Define TRICHOMYCOSIS AXILLARIS
Superficial bacterial infection of hair shafts in areas w/extensive sweat glands
48
Define HIRSUTISM
Excessive body & facial hair in women
49
Describe ALOPECIA
Partial/complete loss of hair generally on scalp from genetics, age, illness, or drugs
50
AKA: alopecia
Baldness
51
Define ALOPECIA AREATA
Autoimmune gen w/kids where hair follicles attacked
52
Define ALOPECIA TOTALIS
Uncommon; total loss of all hair on scalp
53
Define ALOPECIA UNIVERSALIS
Total loss of hair on all parts of body
54
Define ANDROGENIC ALOPECIA
Most common; related to hormones associated w/male characteristics
55
Describe the pattern: male & female pattern baldness
Male: recede front to back in horseshoe shape, Female: thinning
56
Describe CLUBBING
Abnormal curving of nails w/enlargement of finger bc hereditary or O2 deficiency from coronary/pulmonary disease
57
Describe KOILONYCHIA
Malformation of nails, outer surface concave/scooped out & gen indicate iron deficiency anemia
58
AKA: koilonychia
Spoon nail
59
Describe ONYCHIA
Inflammation of nail bed leading to loss of nail
60
AKA: onychia
Onychitis
61
Describe ONYCHOCRYPTOSIS
Nail curved inward & cut into skin leading to inflammation & infection
62
AKA: onychocryptosis
Ingrown nail
63
Describe ONYCHOMYCOSIS
Fungal infection of nail; nail turns white/yellow/green/black & thick & brittle
64
Describe ONYCHOLYSIS
Separation of nail plate from bed, generally painless; caused by localized allergic reaction, fungal infection, & psoriasis
65
Define PARONYCHIA
Acute/chronic infection of skin fold around nail
66
Describe AGE SPOTS
Spots from sun exposure; harmless but can resemble cancer
67
AKA: age spots
Solar lentigines or liver spots
68
Describe ACANTHOSIS NIGRICANS
At least 1 area of skin that is dark & velvety gen in skin folds bc of cancer, type 2 diabetes, or med reaction
69
Describe ALBINISM
Genetic lack/absence of pigment in skin, hair & irises from missing enzyme for melanin making
70
Define MELASMA
Brownish spots on face during pregnancy gen in women w/dark hair & fair skin that usually disappear after birth
71
AKA: melasma
Chloasma or mask of pregnancy
72
Describe VITILIGO
Irregular patches of white skin/hair bc of destruction of melanocytes
73
Describe CONTUSION
Injury to tissue w/o breaking skin causing discoloration & pain
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Describe ECCHYMOSIS
Large, irregular purple discoloration from bleeding under skin
75
AKA: ecchymosis
Bruise
76
Describe PURPURA
Purple/brownish-red rash from blood leaking into skin/mucous membranes that are smaller than ecchymosis & larger than petechiae
77
Describe PETECHIAE
Very small, pinpoint hemorrhage < 2 mm from high fevers
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AKA: petechiae
Petechia
79
Describe HEMATOMA
Swelling of clotted blood trapped in tissue, the blood is eventually reabsorbed
80
Define LESION
Pathologic tissue change from disease/injury
81
Define CRUST
Hard, dried serum & blood as barrier over partial-thickness wound
82
AKA: crust
Scab
83
Define ESCHAR
Dead, crust-like tissue in full-thickness wound that is brown/black & a natural stage of healing
84
Define EROSION
Wearing away of surface
85
Define MACULE
Discolored flat spot < 1 cm diameter
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AKA: macule
Macula
87
Define NODULE
Solid, raised lesion > 0.5 cm & deeper than papule
88
Define PAPULE
Small, raised, red lesion < 0.5 cm diameter & no pus (insect bites & small pimples)
89
Define PLAQUE
Scaly, solid raised area of close papules
90
Define SCALES
Flakes/dry patches of excess dead epidermal cells
91
Define VERRUCAE
Small, hard lesions from HPV
92
AKA: verrucae
Warts
93
Define WHEAL
Small itchy bump that can appear as hives in allergy
94
AKA: wheal
Welt
95
Define ABSCESS
Closed pocket w/pus from a bacterial infection
96
Define CYST
Abnormal sac w/gas/fluid/semisolid material
97
AKA: cyst
Sac or vesicles in other body parts
98
Define PUSTULE
Small, circumscribed lesion w/pus
99
AKA: pustule
Pimple
100
Define VESICLE
Small blister < 0.5 cm diameter w/watery fluid (e.g., poison ivy rash)
101
Define BULLA
Large blister > 0.5 cm diameter
102
Define ABRASION
Superficial layer scraped/rubbed away
103
Define LACERATION
Torn/jagged wound from accidental cut
104
Describe PRESSURE ULCER
Open ulcerated wound from prolonged pressure over bony prominence where a deep tissue injury became infected & died
105
Describe DEEP TISSUE INJURY
Tissue damage under skin that is red/bruised but doesn’t change color w/touch
106
Define NEEDLESTICK INJURY
Accidental puncture from used hypodermic needle
107
Define ULCER
Open lesion of skin/mucous membrane
108
Define PIGMENTED BIRTHMARK
Tan/brown irregularities & nevi
109
Describe SLATE GRAY NEVUS
Melanocytes don’t move to skin surface before birth commonly in Asian, AA, Polynesian, Native
110
AKA: slate gray nevus
Mongolian spot
111
Define VASCULAR BIRTHMARKS
Blood vessels close to surface
112
Define MACULAR STAINS
Flat, red, vascular irregular shaped patches
113
AKA: macular stains
Angel kisses or salmon patches
114
Define CAPILLARY HEMANGIOMA
Soft, raised, pink/red vascular birthmark of a benign tumor made of blood vessels
115
AKA: capillary hemangioma
Strawberry birthmark
116
Describe PORT-WINE STAIN
Flat, vascular, reddish-purple discoloration made of dilated capillaries on the face/neck/arms/legs & doesn’t resolve w/o treatment
117
Define DERMATITIS
Any skin inflammation w/redness, swelling, & itching
118
Define CONTACT DERMATITIS
Localized rash from repeat contact w/irritant with redness, blisters, swelling, & itching
119
Describe INTERTRIGO
Friction of skin in skin folds in armpits/groin/under breasts leading to more susceptibility to fungal/bacterial infection
120
Describe ECZEMA
Persistent/recurring dermatitis w/redness, itching, dryness, blistering, cracking, oozing, bleeding in infants & kids
121
AKA: eczema
Atopic dermatitis
122
Define PRUITUS
Itching
123
Describe EXFOLIATIVE DERMATITIS
Widespread scaling gen w/pruritus, erythroderma, & hair loss in cases of severe eczema, psoriasis, & allergies
124
Define ERYTHEMA
Redness from capillary dilation
125
Define ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM
Mildly contagious viral infection in kids
126
Describe ERYTHEMA MULTIFORME
Rash w/nodules, papules, macules, vesicles or bullae; general allergic reaction/illness/infection/medication affecting skin and/or mucous membranes
127
Describe ERYTHEMA PERNIA
Purple-red inflammation bc of vessels under skin damaged from cold; itchiness will return w/warmth & heal on own
128
AKA: erythema pernia
Chilblains
129
Define ERYTHODERMA
Abnormal redness of entire surface
130
Define EXANTHEM
Widespread rash in kids
131
Define RASH
Change in skin color/texture
132
Define DERMATOSIS
General term that denotes skin lesions/eruptions not w/inflammation
133
Describe ICHTHYOSIS
Group of disorders w/dry, thickened, & scaly skin bc of slow shedding/rapid increase in skin cell production
134
Describe LIPEDEMA
Chronic & abnormal fat & fluid in tissue just under skin of hips & legs generally occurring in women & doesn’t go away w/weight loss
135
Describe SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE)
Autoimmune inflammatory of collagen in skin, joints, & internal organs, attacking connective tissue w/red, scaly rash on face & upper trunk
136
Define PSORIASIS
Red papules w/silvery scales on elbows/knees/scalp/back/buttocks w/itchy red skin
137
Define ROSACEA
Tiny red pimples & enlarged vessels on face gen on people w/fair skin & 30-60 yrs old
138
Describe RHINOPHYMA
Older men w/hyperplasia of nose tissue & associated w/advanced rosacea
139
AKA: rosacea
Adult acne
140
AKA: rhinophyma
Bulbous nose
141
Describe SCLERODERMA
Autoimmune where connective tissue shrink, harden, swell, & painful & can affect joints & organs
142
Define URTICARIA
Itchy wheals caused by allergy
143
AKA: urticaria
Hives
144
Define XERODERMA
Excessively dry skin
145
AKA: xeroderma
Xerosis
146
Define CARBUNCLE
Cluster of connected furuncles
147
Define MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM
Viral infection that forms mollusca
148
Define MOLLUSCA
Small, raised, white/pink/flesh color lesion w/dimpled center
149
Define HAND, FOOT & MOUTH DISEASE
Mild viral infection in kids < 5 yrs w/sores in mouth, throat, & rash on hands & feet
150
Describe CELLULITIS
Acute, rapid spread bacterial infection within connective tissue w/malaise, swelling, warmth, red streaks
151
Define FURUNCLES
Large, tender, swollen areas of staphylococcal infection around hair follicles/sebaceous glands
152
AKA: furuncles
Boils
153
Describe GANGRENE
Tissue death/necrosis followed by bacterial invasion causing putrefaction bc of loss of circulation
154
Describe IMPETIGO
Highly contagious bacterial infection in kids w/isolated pustules leading to crusting & rupture
155
Describe NECROTIZING FASCIITIS
Rare, severe infection bc of group A strep bacteria
156
Define MYCOSIS
Any abnormal condition/disease from fungus
157
Define TINEA
Fungal infection on skin, hair, or nails
158
AKA: tinea
Ringworm
159
Define INFESTATION
Microscopic parasites on external surface
160
Define PEDICULOSIS
Infestation w/lice affecting head, body, or pubic region
161
Describe SCABIES
Contagious & parasitic skin infection from itch mites w/small intensely itchy bumps & blisters
162
Define CALLUS
Thickening part of skin from repeated rubbing
163
Define CICATRIX
Normal scar from healing
164
Describe KELOID
Abnormally raised/thick scar beyond OG incision with a greater tendency in inherited/dark colored skin
165
Define KERATOSIS
Any skin growth where there is overgrowth & thickening of skin
166
Define LIPOMA
Benign, slow growing fatty tumor
167
Define NEVUS
Small, dark skin growth from melanocytes
168
AKA: nevus
Mole
169
Describe DYSPLASTIC NEVI
Atypical moles leading to skin cancer
170
Define PAPILLOMA
Benign, superficial, wart-like growth on epithelial tissue on other body part
171
Define POLYP
Mushroom-like growth from mucous membrane
172
Define SKIN TAGS
Small, benign, flesh-colored/light brown polyps w/thin stalks generally on neck, groin, & armpits
173
Define ACTINIC KERATOSIS
Precancerous growth on sun-damaged skin that is red/tan/pink scaly patch like sandpaper
174
AKA: actinic keratosis
Solar keratosis
175
Describe BASAL CELL CARCINOMA
Most common & least harmful cancer that grows slowly & rarely spreads; on the face/neck & bleeds easily; appears as pink, smooth, & raised w/depression in center
176
Describe SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
Skin lesions that look like unhealed/crusted sores that can grow in organs lined w/epithelial cells
177
Define MALIGNANT MELANOMA
Serious cancer from melanocytes
178
AKA: malignant melanoma
Melanoma or MM
179
Define BURN
Injury to tissue from heat/flame/electricity/sun/chemicals/radiation
180
Define 1st DEGREE/SUPERFICIAL PARTIAL THICKNESS
Epidermal injury w/erythemia & hyperesthesia
181
Define 2nd DEGREE/PARTIAL THICKNESS
Epidermal & dermal injury w/erythemia, blisters, & hyperesthesia
182
Describe 3rd DEGREE/DEEP THICKNESS
Epidermis, dermis, & parts of hypodermis; severe; s/s: hyperesthesia, numbness, nerve damage
183
Define BIOPSY
Remove small piece of tissue for exam
184
Define INCISIONAL BIOPSY
Remove piece
185
Define EXCISIONAL BIOPSY
Remove whole tumor/lesion + margins
186
Define NEEDLE
Remove tissue core
187
Define PUNCH BIOPSY
Small, circular blade remove core
188
Define SCRATCH TEST
Skin scratched w/lancets & substances to identify allergies including pollen, mold, dust mites, pet dander, & food chemicals
189
Define INTRADERMAL SKIN TEST
Substances injected to test for allergic reactions
190
Define EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY
Cells scraped & examined under microscope
191
AKA: exfoliative cytology
Skin scraping
192
Describe SUNSCREEN
SPF blocks UV B & may protect against UV A
193
Define SKIN GRAFTS
Replace damaged tissue w/donor
194
AKA: skin graft
Dermatoplasty
195
Define CAUTERIZATION
Destruction of tissue via burning
196
Define CHEMABRASION
Use chemicals to remove outer layers to treat acne scarring, fine wrinkles, & keratoses
197
AKA: chemabrasion
Chemical peel
198
Define CRYOSURGERY
Use liquid nitrogen to remove warts & tumors
199
AKA: cryosurgery
Freezing
200
Define CURETTAGE
Remove via scraping & can remove basal cell tumors
201
Describe DEBRIDEMENT
Remove dirt/foreign/damage tissue/cellular debris from wound to prevent infection & promote healing
202
Define IRRIGATION & DEBRIDEMENT
Pressurized fluid clean out wound debris
203
Describe INCISION & DRAINAGE
Incision thru skin to drain fluid/abscess & is used for some lesions
204
Define DERMABRASION
Abrasion using revolving wire brush/sandpaper to remove acne, chicken pox scars, or facial lines around mouth
205
Describe MOHS SURGERY
Treat various skin cancer; layers removed & examined 1 at a time until clean margins
206
Describe ELECTRODESICCATION
Done w/curettage; layers destroyed via electric spark & scraped to eliminate small superficial growths & seal vessels
207
AKA: electrodesiccation
Electrodessication & curettage
208
Define LASER
Tube filled w/solid/liquid/gas stimulated to emit light @ certain wavelength to treat port-wine stain, rhinophyma, some skin cancers, & remove tattoos
209
What does LASER stand for
Light amplification by stimulated radiation
210
Define PHOTOTHERAPY
Natural/artificial light to treat vitiligo & eczema
211
Purpose PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY
Treat damaged & precancerous skin & cancer
212
AKA: photodynamic therapy
Blue-light therapy
213
Define FLUOROURACIL
Topical chemotherapy cream to treat basal cell carcinoma & actinic keratosis for 2-12 weeks
214
Define RETINOIDS
Chemical compounds from vitamin A used in skin care & treatment
215
Describe TOPICAL STEROIDS
Derivatives of natural corticosteroid hormones; should be used cautiously
216
Define BLEPHAROPLASTY
Reduct lids by removing sagging skin to improve vision or put small amt of fat from thigh/butt under eye for cosmetics
217
Define BOTOX
Formulation of botulinum toxin used in small, sterile doses to block nerve signals for 2-4 months to treat migraines, overactive bladder, strabismus, muscle spasms, & frown lines
218
Describe COLLAGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY
Soft-tissue augmentation to soften facial lines/scars or make lips fuller; lasting 3-12 months
219
Define LIPECTOMY
Removal of fat beneath skin for cosmetics
220
Define LIPOSUCTION
Removal of fat beneath skin w/suction
221
AKA: liposuction
Suction-assisted lipectomy
222
Define RHYTIDECTOMY
Remove excess skin & fat from face to eliminate wrinkles
223
AKA: rhytidectomy
Facelift
224
Sclerotherapy
Inject saline sclerosing solution into vein to irritate tissue & cause veins to collapse & disappear to treat spider veins
